i\bxM% af §ovi$xw. 






UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 



GUNNERY INSTRUCTIONS 



SIMPLIFIED 



FOR THE 



flolttttte dfors of % St.ft. Dta&|; 



WITH HINTS TO 



EXECUTIVE AID OTHER OFFICERS. 



BT 



LIEUT. EDWARD BARRETT, IT. S. K, 

INSTRUCTOR IX GUNNERY, BROOKLYN NAVY YARD. 



*" „ 



NEW YORK: 

D. VAN NOSTRAND, 192 BROADWAY. 

1862. 




Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the Tear 1862, 

BY D. TAN NOSTEAND, 

In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for the Southern 

District of New York. 



liy t> *t 



C. A. ALYORD, STEREOTYPES AND PRINTER. 






THIS WOEK 



RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED 



ACTING MASTERS AND THE ACTING MASTERS' MATES 



UNITED STATES NAVY. 



PREFACE. 



Executive Officers and Officers of Divisions, will 
find this work particularly valuable as a book of ref- 
erence and advice to them in the performance of the 
duties of their respective positions. 

The disposition of the crew of a man-of-war in every 
contingency of battle is dictated and the duties of each 
man defined. 

Guns, their calibre and weight, the number of men 
they are entitled to, the stations and duties of each, 
are all concisely explained. 

Wherever there is a departure from the " Ordnance 
Manual," the change has been suggested by experience 

Edward Barrett, 

Lieutenant U. S. Nl, 
Instructor in Gunnery, U. S. Naval Station, New York. 



GUNNERY INSTRUCTIONS. 



NOMENCLATIVE OF CANNON. 

See Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 1. 

The cascabel, A Z, is that part of the gun behind 
the base-ring, and in general terms, includes the knob, 
the neck, and the base of the breech ; but as the forms, 
and consequently the nomenclature of the subdivisions 
of the cascabel, as well as the other parts of the gun, 
vary in guns of different construction, these minor details 
are given in the diagrams, and the explanation. 

The base of the breech, A J, is a spherical or 
spheroidal segment in rear of the breech, between the 
base-ring and the fillet, or commencement of the neck. 

The base-ring, A, is a projecting band of metal 
adjoining the base of the breech, and with few exceptions 
is connected with the body of the gun by a concave 
moulding, called the curve of the base-ring. 

The breech, a J, is the mass of solid metal behind 
the bottom of the bore, extending to the fillet or the 
commencement of the neck. 

In all navy guns of recent construction there are two 
reinforces, designated respectively as the first and sec- 
ond reinforce. 

The first reinforce, B C, is the cylindrical part of 




Fig. 2. 



Fig. 4. 



"* " >=j(o)=| 




o a 



Fig. 6. 



cd 



^^^1 



03 




-<- 



Z) CD. 



\ 



V w 7 



Fig. 7. 



10 GUNNERY INSTRUCTIONS. 

the gun in front of the base-ring, and is the thickest part 
of the body of the gun in front of. that ring. 

The second reinforce, C E, is the truncated cone in 
front of the first reinforce, and extends to the chase, 
to which it is connected by a concave moulding, E F, 
called the curve of the reinforce. 

The chase, F G y is the conical part of the gun in 
front of the second reinforce, and is banded toward 
the muzzle by a ring, 6r, called the chase-ring. 

The muzzle is that part of the gun comprised be- 
tween the chase ring, 6?, and the face of the piece, I, 

In a few shell guns the form of the muzzle is cylin- 
drical, see Fig. 1, G Z, in which case the gun is called 
straight-muzzled. Since 1845, however, all guns, ex- 
cepting the boat and field howitzers, have been cast 
with tulip muzzles, the parts of which are composed 
of the neck, the swell, the fillet, the lip, and the face. 

The neck is the narrowest part of the gun in front of 
the chase-ring. 

The swell, I!, Fig. 5, the largest part of the gun in 
front of the neck, and the fillet and lip, the cylindrical 
and concave mouldings which terminate the swell. 

The face, 6, is the terminating plane, perpendicular to 
the axis of the bore. 

The trunnions, D, are cylinders, the axes of which 
are in a line perpendicular to, and in the same plane 
with, the axis of the bore. 

The RiMBASEs Q (Fig. 6, section at the trunnions), 
are short cyliuders uniting the trunnions with the body 
of the gun. The ends of the rimbases are planes per- 
pendicular to the axis. 

The bore of the piece, a e, Fig. 1, includes all the 



NOMENCLATURE OF CANNON. 11 

parts bored out, viz., the cylinder, 1) <?, the chamber, 
a (\ and the conical or spherical surface, c b, connect- 
ing them. 

All shell guns in the United States navy are cham- 
bered, also howitzers and mortars. 

The only solid shell gun in the navy that is cham- 
bered, is the 32-pounder, of 27 cwt. : this gun, as well 
as the shell guns of 8-inch calibre, have their chambers 
cylindrical, and they are united with the large cylinder 
by a conical surface called the slope, c h. 

The howitzers, and 9, 10 and 11 inch guns, have 
conical chambers joined to the cylinder of the bore by 
a portion of a spherical surface, and are called gomer 
chambers. 

The bottom of the bore, #, is the interior termination 
of the bore. 

In the shell gun represented by Fig. 1, it is a plane 
united with the sides, in profile, by an arc of a circle, 
the radius of which is one-fourth of the diameter of the 
bore at the bottom. 

In shell guns of the model described in Fig. 4, the 
bore at the mouth of the piece is bevelled conically ; 
this part of the bore, d, is then called the flash rim or 
cup. 

The axis of the bore is coincident with the axis of 
the piece. 

The length of the gun, A I, is the distance from the 
rear of the base-ring to the face of the muzzle. The 
rear of the base-ring is to be understood as the point 
from which all measurements of length are to be 
made. 

The axis of the vent, V, is in a plane passing through 



12 GUNNERY INSTRUCTIONS. 

the axis of the bore, perpendicular to the axis of the trun- 
nions. 

The lock-piece is a block of metal at the outer open- 
ing of the vent, to which the lock is attached. 

The breech-sight mass is a block of metal on the base 
of the breech, just in rear of the base-ring, and forms 
a support to the box in which the breech-sight is made 
to slide. 

The reinforce-sight mass is a block of metal on the 
second reinforce, just in front of the axis of the trun- 
nions, and forms a base to which the reinforce sight is 
screwed. 

The 61-pounder cannon of 106 cwt. has a ratchett, 
i?, Fig, 7, in the base of the breech, which is divided 
into notches to receive the pawl and elevating lever, 
by means of which the breech is supported and eleva- 
tion altered. 



NAVAL GUN-CARUIxYGES. 



L3 



NAVAL GUN-CAEEIAGES.— NOMENCLATUEE. 



ORDINARY NAVAL TRUCK-CARRIAGE. 

Wooden Parts. 

CARRIAGE, 




> .J 






Fig. 8. 



21 



^ 



Fig. 9. 



ID 



15J 



_££_' 



Fig. 10. 



li ouionBET nsrsTEuonoBrs. 

A. Brackets of large carriages are made each of two 
pieces joined by a jog (a), and dowelled. The remain- 
ing parts of the brackets are the trunnion-holes (5), steps 
(V), quarter-rounds (Y7), and arch (e). 

B. Transom. 

C. Breast-piece, in two parts, the inner part fixed, 
the outer part movable, connected by hinges. 

D. Front and rear axle-trees, consisting each of a 
square body (f\ and arms {g). 

JE. Front and rear trucks. 
F. Dumb trucks. 



G. Bed and stool. 
H. Quoin. 



Implements. 



J 



Fig. 11. 



J. Handspike. 

K. Chocking-quoin. 

Metal Parts. 

1. Two capsquares. 

2. Four capsquares, bolts and two keys. 

3. Two bracket bolts. 

4. Two rear axle-tree bolts. 

5. Two side-tackle eye-bolts. 

6. One train-tackle eye-bolt. 

7. One transporting eye-bolt. 

8. Breast-bolts. 

9. Two hinges of breast-pieces. 

10. Two transom-bolts (upper and lower). 



XAVAL GUN CAKRIAi 



15 




Fig. 12. 




Fig. 13. 




77 p ^ a n ' 



Fig. 14. 



16 GUNNERY INSTRUCTIONS. 

11. Two breeching-shackles and pins. 

12. Bed-bolt. 

13. Four axle-tree bands. 

14. Two chafmg-plates. 

15. Four linchpins and washers. 

16. Quoin plate and stop. 

17. Ratchett for quoin-stop. 

18. Four training-loops. 

19. Breeching-thimbles (cast iron). 

20. Side shackle-bolts for breeching. 

21. Shackle-pin, plates, and keys. 



DUTIES OF COMMANDING OFFICES. 17 



DUTIES OF COMMANDING OFFICER. 

The commanding officer must require that all orders 
be strictly enforced on board of his vessel, and see that 
the crew is properly stationed at quarters. He must also 
see that the crew is well drilled, and exact frequent, 
short, and spirited exercises. 

In order to carry out strictly his instructions, lie should 
occasionally inspect the divisions, exact from his officers 
a strict adherence to their duties, and see that all the 
spare implements are at hand. 

In so doing he will avoid the mortification of an un- 
favorable report by the inspecting officers, prior to the 
vessel being put out of commission. 

The commander should be careful that his armament 
is effective. He must direct his executive officer to see 
that all articles allowed are in a good state, and prop- 
erly stowed in the places assigned them. He must have 
his crew exercised at the pistol, rifle, and sword drill, 
and battalion drill, when convenient. 

He should also cause his boats' crews to be exercised 
in preparations for embarking, landing, and attacking 
parties, and cause the launch's crew to be drilled at the 
howitzer, with a boat and land carriage. 

The ordnance stores should be frequently examined 
and their condition reported to him. The executive 
officer will cause convenient places to be assigned for 



18 GUNNERY INSTRUCTIONS. 

stowage of spare articles which may be required for 
action, having a number of shot and one shell near 
the guns on the respective decks. The executive has 
general superintendence of all stores. 

A weekly and monthly report of the expenditure of 
stores must be made by the yeoman, to the commanding 
officer, through the executive officer. Stores are not to 
be delivered from the store-room, without the sanction 
of the executive officer. 



OFFICERS OF DIVISION 19 



OFFICEES OF DIVISIONS. 

They should be conversant with the duties assigned 
them, and when instructing their men at the drill, should 
give their orders in a short, peremptory, commanding 
tone. 

They must make out monthly requisition lists for the 
clothing of the crew of the division, and also the list of 
the clothing they have on hand. 

They must be particular that the clothing is properly 
marked with the name and ship's number of the men, 
and should give the men to understand that all unmark- 
ed articles found in their possession, will be considered 
as stolen property. They should require the men to 
show their clothing before permitting the articles to be 
condemned, thereby preventing a useless waste. 

The men's bags should be examined once a month. 



20 GUNNERY INSTRUCTIONS. 



THE DUTIES OF AN EXECUTIVE OFFICER. 

When an executive officer is ordered to take charge 
of a ship, his first duty, after receiving the crew, is to 
divide it into two watches, taking care that the watches 
are equally efficient, and then into messes, and proceed 
to make out the quarter bills. The government allows a 
full gun's crew for one side only, and a sufficiency of men 
for the master's and powder divisions. (See Apjiendix.) 

In so doing, he selects the crews for the odd-numbered 
guns from the starboard watch, and for the even-num- 
bered guns from the port watch, and the crews for 
pivot guns, the first part from one watch, and the second 
part from the other. For instance, if you have two 
pivot guns, you will select the first part of No. 1 pivot 
from starboard watch and second part from port watch ; 
and for No. 2 pivot, the first part from port watch and 
second part from starboard watch. 

This will facilitate casting loose at night time, for 
while one watch are bringing up their hammocks, the 
other watch are casting loose. 

If there is an odd side-gun on board the vessel (for 
instance, fifteen guns on a side), the fifteenth gun's crew 
must be selected, the first part from the starboard watch, 
and the second part from the port watch, in order to cast 
loose and prepare for action at night, when only one 
watch is on deck. 



THE DUTIES OF AN EXECUTIVE OFFICER. 21 

The guns' crows, as near as possible, are composed 
of one-third petty officers and seamen, one-third ordi- 
nary seamen, and one-third landsmen and boys. 

They must be taken from all parts of the ship, so 
that in the event of accident in action, the loss may be 
equally felt. 

In numbering the guns, begin forward. The two for- 
ward guns on port and starboard side are numbered 
1, the next two guns, 2, and so on, in numerical pro- 
gression. See Fig. 15. 

In selecting the gun's crew, station the 
heaviest men at the handspikes, quick, active 
men for spongers and loaders, strong men for 
shellmen and shotmen, and men of quick eye 
and force of character for captains of guns. 
A petty officer should, if possible, never be 
placed in a subordinate position at a gun ; 
still it may be advisable to take a man of an 
inferior rate, because of his superior qualifi- 
Flg# 15, cations for the position. 

Guns are allowed crews, according to their different 
calibres, to wit : 
11-in. pivot, average weight, 15,700 lbs. ; 25 men 

charge, 15 lbs. ; weight of shell, 135 lbs. 
10-in. pivot, average weight, 12,000 lbs. ; 20 men 

charge, 12| lbs. ; weight of shell, 100 lbs. 
9-in. pivot, average weight, 9,000 lbs. ; 17 men 

charge, 10 lbs. ; weight of shell, 72 lbs. 
8-in. pivot, average weight, 63 cwt. ; 17 men ; charge, 
distant, 9 lbs. ; ordinary, 8 lbs. ; near, 6 lbs. ; weight 
of shell, 51 lbs. ; shot, 64 lbs. 




22 GUNNERY INSTRUCTIONS. 



Side-Guns. 



64-pounder, 106 cwt. ; 16 men and a boy ; charge, dis- 
tant, 16 lbs. ; ordinary, 12 lbs. ; near, 8 lbs. 

9-in. side-gun, see 9-in. pivot, for allowance of charge ; 
17 men. 

8-in., 63 cwt. ; 11 men and a boy ; for charge, see 8-in. 
pivot ; shot, 64 lbs. 

32-pounder, 61 cwt. ; 14 men and a boy ; charge, dis- 
tant, 10 lbs. ; ordinary, 8 lbs. ; near, 6 lbs. 

8-in., 55 cwt.; 12 men and a boy; charge, distant, 7 
lbs. ; ordinary, 7 lbs. ; near, 6 lbs. ; weight of shot, 
64 lbs. 

32-pounder, 57 cwt. ; 12 men and a boy ; charge, dis- 
tant, 9 lbs. ; ordinary, 8 lbs. ; near, 6 lbs. 

32-pounder, 42 cwt. ; 10 men and a boy ; charge, dis- 
tant, 6 lbs. ; ordinary, 6 lbs. ; near, 4 lbs. 

32-pounder, 33 cwt. ; 8 men and a boy ; charge, dis- 
tant, 4|- lbs. ; ordinary, 4| lbs. ; near, 4 lbs. 

32-pounder, 27 cwt. ; 6 men and a boy ; charge, dis- 
tant, 4 lbs. ; ordinary, 4 lbs. ; near, 3 lbs. 

Parrott's rifled guns, as side-guns, or mounted on or- 
dinary carriages, 20-pounder ; weight, 1,795 lbs. ; 6 
men and a boy ; charge, If lbs. old cannon powder, 
or 2 lbs. No. 7 Dupont. 

Paryott's Rifled. 

On ordinary carriages, or as side-guns, 30-pounder, 
weight, 3,520 lbs. ; 10 men and a boy ; charge, 2| lbs. old 
cannon powder, or 3j lbs. No. 7 Dupont. 

100-pounder, weight 9,688 lbs.; 16 men and a boy; 
charge, 10 lbs. ; shot, 84 lbs. ; shell, 100 lbs. 



THE DUTIES OF AN EXECUTIVE OFFICER. 



23 



Parrott. 

200-pounder, weight 16,000 lbs.; 25 men; charge 
16 lbs.; shells, 155 lbs., and 200 lbs. 
30-pounder pivot, 12 men and a boy. 
20-pounder pivot, 10 men and a boy. 

Officers in selecting a gun's crew for rifled guns, must 
be governed by their positions as side-guns or pivots, 
allowing the same number of men as are allowed to 
smooth-bore guns of the same weight. 




Fig. 16. 

In stationing a gun's crew, the odd numbers are on 
the left side of the gun — the even numbers on the right 
of the gun. The first part of the gun's crew stands on 
the left of the gun, with the exception of the first 
sponger, who stands on the right, as the gun is sponged 
and the load sent home from that side. 

The second part of the gun's crew stands on the right 
of the gun, with the exception of the second loader, who 
stands on the left side, as the gun is loaded from that side. 

The two loaders are stationed next to the muzzle on 



24 



GUNNERY INSTRUCTIONS. 



the left side, the two spongers next to the muzzle on the 
right side, the handspike-men abreast of the rear trucks, 
and the captains at the breech of the gun. 

One-half' of gun's crew are boarders. 

One-quarter " " pikemen, as near as possible. 

The first boarders are selected from the second part of 
the gun's crew, and the second boarders from the first 
part. 

The duties of the pikemen are to repel enemy's board- 
ers, and the duties of boarders to board enemy when 
ordered. 



Side Guns.— Stations. 

Calibre 9-inch, and 6 founder, 106 cwt 

16 men and boy, 
1st loader, 2d boarder, 3. 



2d loader, 1st boarder, 5. 
1st shotman & pumpman 7. 



1st side-tackle and pike- 
man, 13 



1st port-tackle and pike- 
man, 15 

1st train-tackle and fire- 
man, 1 1 

1st handspikeman, 2d 
boarder, 

1st captain 2d bo.rde \ 1. 




4. 1st sponger, 2d boarder. 

6. 2d sponger, 1st boarder. 

8. 2d shotman and pump- 
man. 



14. 2d side-tackle and pike- 
man. 



6. 2d port-tackle and pike- 
man. 

12. 2d train- tackle and sail- 
trimmer. 

10. 2d handspikeman, 1st. 

boarder. 
2. 2d captain, 1st boarxbr. 



Powder-boy. 

Rg.-n. 



THE DUTIES OF AN EXECUTIVE OFFICER. 25 

To reduce a gun's crew of 16 men and boy to a crew 
of 14 men and boy, omit the higher numbers (15 and 
16) port-tackle men, and No. 10, the second handspike- 
man becomes a pikeman instead of boarder. 

To reduce a gun's crew of 14 men and boy to one of 
12 men and boy, omit the higher numbers (13 and 14) 
side-tackle men, and the first handspike-man, No. 9, be- 
comes pikeman instead of boarder, and first shotman, 
No. 7, becomes pikeman instead of pump-man. 

To reduce a gun's crew of 12 men and a boy to one of 
10 men and a boy, omit the higher numbers (11 and 12) 
train-tackle men, and No. 10, second handspike-man, 
becomes a train-tackle man and sail-trimmer instead of 
handspike-man, and second loader, No, 5, a pikeman 
instead of boarder, and first shotman, No. 7, a fireman 
instead of pikeman. 

To reduce a gun's crew of 10 men and a boy to one 
of 8 men and a boy, omit the two higher numbers (9 
and 10), and the second captain, No. 2, is also a hand- 
spike-man. No. 8 becomes a train-tackle man and fire- 
man and sail-trimmer, instead of shotman and pump-man, 
and the second sponger, No. 6, becomes a pikeman 
instead of boarder, and No. 7 becomes a pump-man 
instead of fireman. 

To reduce a gun's crew from 8 men and boy to 6 men 
and boy, omit the two higher numbers (7 and 8), the 
second captain is also handspike-man and train-tackle 
man, the second loader is shotman and pump-man, first 
sponger is pikeman, and second sponger is fireman. 
2 



26 GUNNERY INSTRUCTIONS. 

The calls for assembling at Quarters. 

The ordinary beat will be the call for inspection. 

The ordinary beat, followed by one roll, means exer- 
cise at general quarters, without powder. 

The ordinary beat, followed by two rolls, action, or 
general quarters with powder. 

At the beat for general quarters, the starboard watch 
will provide and cast loose the starboard guns, and the 
port watch will provide and cast loose the port guns. 

The first part of guns' crews on starboard side, pro- 
vide and cast loose the odd, and the second part the even 
numbered guns. The first part performing their respec- 
tive duties (in casting loose), besides the duties assigned 
to the second part, and the second part performing their 
respective duties, besides those assigned to the first part. 

The first part of guns' crew on the port side, provide 
and cast loose the even, and the second part the odd 
numbered guns. See Cast Loose and Provide. 

In securing the guns, the same order of distributing 
the men is to be observed. 

"When the services are performed, and the luffs of the 
side and train tackles are chocked, the shifting-men will 
proceed to the guns commanded by the first captain, un- 
less otherwise ordered by the command, Man port (or 
starboard) battery ! 

Shifting-men are all those who are not captains, load- 
ers, or spongers. 

In beating to quarters at night-time, the watch on 
deck will cast loose as commanded by the executive offi- 
cer, viz : the first part going to their respective guns, 
and the second part also, on whichever side it may be j 



THE DUTIES OF AN EXECUTIVE OFFICER. 27 

for instance, if port watch is on deck, the first part will 
cast loose even guns, and second part the odd guns, and 
when cast loose they will repair to their respective guns, 
and the watch coming on deck will repair to their guns. 

The call for boarders will be the rattle and verbal 
order repeated by the officer of the division. On the 
first call, or order, the first boarders alone will repair on 
deck. If the call, or order is repeated before the first 
division of boarders have returned to their guns, the 
second boarders will repair on deck. 

The call for pikemen to repel boarders, will be the 
gong, or roll of the drum. 

At the signal, the pikemen repair on deck. 

The call for all boarders and pikemen to repair on 
deck, will be the springing of the rattle, the beating of 
the gong, or roll of the drum, and the order. 

The call for sail-trimmers will be the passing of the 
word, and the piping away by the boatswain's mate. 

The call for firemen will be the tolling of the bell. 

Having stationed the guns' crews, it becomes neces- 
sary to station the powder and master's divisions. 

The powder division is the most important division 
of the ship, as upon its efficiency depends quick firing. 

If the division is not properly stationed and exercised, 
it will be an impediment to effective drill. Powder 
must be furnished in time to provide the divisions when 
required. 

In all ships of war, the powder division is general- 
ly intrusted to the youngest line officer, or to subordi- 
nate officers. This is owing to the erroneous impression 
that there is but little glory to be won in passing pow- 
der. I say erroneous, as upon the prompt serving of the 



28 GUNNERY INSTRUCTIONS. 

division depends quick firing, and also because the crews 
are directed to fire at the water-line of vessels, and the 
water-line is about the deck upon which the powclei 
division is stationed. 

For stations of Powder Division, see Appendix. 

The following hints will be useful. 

Loose powder should never be received on board ship. 

Percussion-caps, or any fulminating matter, should 
never be permitted in a magazine. 

Such articles must be placed in a dry place, and under 
lock and key. 

Fireworks, after removing their primers or caps, if 
such are used, must be stowed in the passing-boxes on 
the racks in the passage of the magazine. One chain 
of passing scuttles is sufficient to supply the guns of ves- 
sels commanded by acting masters, or of vessels of which 
acting masters are the executive officers. 

For the chain, there will probably be one man in the 
magazine (gunner's mate), to deliver cartridges from 
the tanks ; one man in the passage to receive and pass 
the cartridges through the scuttle in the berth-deck ; one 
man at the passage scuttle on the berth-deck, to receive 
the cartridges and pass them to the screen ; one man 
just outside of the screen, to receive the charges through 
a flapped hole therein, and put them in the passing- 
boxes ; two or more runner-boys (according to the dis- 
tance from the hatch), to run on the berth-deck with full 
passing-boxes from the screen to the scuttle through 
the grating of the hatch, and back again with the empty 
boxes to the screen. One man (a very careful one), at 
the bottom of the canvas shoot to receive the empty 
boxes, strikes them in an inverted position over the fire- 



THE DUTIES OF AN EXECUTIVE OFFICER. 29 

tub, and inspects tliem carefully before allowing tliem to 
be taken away to be replenished. One man on berth- 
dock, near the scuttle, under the hatch, to pass up full 
boxes. 

In the small steamers now employed as gunboats, the 
scuttle for passing full boxes is cut through the grating 
of the hatch nearest the magazine. 

Beside the scuttle for full boxes, there should be a 
corresponding one, provided w T ith a canvas shoot, for 
passing the empty boxes below. The grating of the 
hatch must be covered over with tarpaulings, having 
napped holes to pass the boxes through. 

In delivering cartridges from the magazine, they are 
to be passed from the magazine to the berth-deck before 
they are put into the passing-boxes, which, in time of 
action, or when exercising with powder, after being 
once taken out of the magazine, are not on any account 
allowed to go into it again, or even inside of the screen, 
during the whole time of such exercise or action. They 
will be replenished at the screen, but outside of it. 

The passing-boxes of the side-guns should be painted 
black and the pivot guns red or some other color. Gen- 
erally there are only two calibres on board of the vessels 
commanded by acting masters. 

Empty boxes returned through the shoot are to be 
landed on wet swabs, and then to be turned upside down, 
and so struck over a fire- tub, to free them from any loose 
fire. 

A fire-tub nearly filled with water is to be placed near 
the shoot. 

The top of the tub is covered with a copper wire net- 
ting. 



30 GUNNERY INSTRUCTIONS. 

Shot and shell are whipped up the hatch. 

When a magazine is to be opened, the men charged 
with the duty must take off their shoes and remove all 
metallic substances from their persons. The magazine 
dress is a simple worsted shirt reaching to the knees ; 
the shoes have soft soles. The screen that separates the 
magazine scuttle from the passing scuttle, is of donble 
baize, with a hole to pass the powder through. Before 
leaving port the magazine is stowed by the gunner of the 
yard or by the gunner's mate of the vessel if necessary. 

Powder-tanks containing charges are to be stowed on 
their sides, with the lids next to the alleys, and hinges 
down — the charges for ordinary firing nearest the scuttle. 

When tanks are emptied they are to be stowed on the 
upper shelves, that the powder may be kept as much as 
possible below the w T ater-line. 

The lids of the powder-tanks are painted the same 
color as the charges they contain, and are marked with 
the calibre and weight of the gun for which the cart- 
ridges are intended. 

Note : — Color of cartridges, near firing, red; ordinary, 
blue; distant, white. 

The tanks for priming-powder, are marked " priming- 
powder." 

Coopering must never be done in a magazine. 

Magazines have light-boxes, through which light is 
reflected to the passages, to facilitate the passing of 
powder. 

The magazine keys must always be kept in the cap- 
tain's cabin. 

For Master's Division, see Appendix. 



THE DUTIES OF AN EXECUTIVE OFFICER. 31 

Assembling at Quarters and Clearing for Action. 

At the beat to general quarters the wind-sails must be 
lowered, the air-ports put in, and the hatches leading to 
the berth-deck covered over by gratings and tarpau- 
lings. 

The guns on both sides are cast loose unless otherwise 
ordered by the executive officer. 

The officers of the divisions will repair to their posts, 
and see that their guns are in perfect fighting condition, 
and will also see that the following important articles 
are at hand, viz. : — 

One division tub with fresh water. 

One spare bed and quoin. 

Two spare gun-trucks. 

Four spare handspikes. 

Two ladles. 

Two worms. 

Two scrapers. 

One bristle sponge. 

One wire sponge. 

Four wet swabs. 

Spare breeching. If guns are on slides, a transporting 
truck and axle, and a spare pivot-bolt. 

The division officers will also take care that the quar- 
ter gunner of the division provides the two division boxes 
marked " Supply" and " Reserve," and that they respec- 
tively contain the following articles : — 

In Supply-lox. Waist-belts for boarders, firemen, 
sail-trimmers, and pump-men, and thumbstalls for first 
and second captain of each gun. 

The belts for boarders are to be furnished with a frog 



32 GUNNERY INSTRUCTIONS. 

for pistol and cutlass, with a cartridge-box and percus- 
sion-caps. 

The belts for first and second captains, in addition to 
the above, must also have a box containing fifty primers, 
fitted to slip on the waist-belt. 

The belts for firemen, sail-trimmers, and pump-men, 
have each a frog for a battle-axe. 

In reserve box : 

One drill-brace. 

Three vent-drills. 

One vent-punch. 

One gun-lock and string, complete. 

Two boring-bitts. 

Three priming- wires. 

Two thumbstalls. 

Four boxes percussion primers. 

One box friction primers and spur-tubes. 

One spare lock-string for each gun. 

One fuze-wrench, and the requisite number of tour- 
niquets to be distributed to the men, who will be in- 
structed by the surgeon as to their use. 

The master will see that stoppers, preventer-braces, 
and all other articles needed for securing spars and rig- 
ging, are at hand and ready for use. 



MANUAL EXERCISE. 



33 



MANUAL EXERCISE. 

Exercise of broadside guns on one side only. The 
guns are supposed to be loaded and ran out. 




1. Side-tackles. 2. Train-tackles. 3. Breeching. 
Fig. 18. 

Words of Command. 

1st. Silence ! Man the starboard (or port) guns t 
2d. Cast loose and provide ! 
2* 



34 GUNNERY INSTRUCTIONS. 

3d. Prime ! 
4th. Point ! 
5th. Ready, Fire ! 
6th. Serve vent, and sponge ! 
7th. Load with cartridge ! 
8 th. Load with shot (or shell) ! 
9th. Run out ! 
10th. Secure ! 

First Command — Silence ! Man starboard (or port) guns. 

At this order the strictest silence is to be observed. 
The captains face the port, the men face the gun, and 
look to the captain for further orders. 

Second Command — Cast loose and provide/ 

The captains have general supervision. The captains 
take off the selvagee straps and toggles, place them 
amidships, and middle the breeching. 

The first captain takes off the lock-cover, the second 
captain the sight-covers, and hands them to the train- 
tackle men, who place them amidships. 

The second captain provides the thumbstalls and waist- 
belts, with priming-boxes and priming- wires. 

The first sponger and first loader take out the upper 
half-port and pass it to the men on the left of the gun, 
and place the chocking-quoins near the ship's side. 

The handspike-men with their handspikes lower the 
breech of the gun, the second captain handling the quoin, 
or if the gun has an elevating screw, the second captain 
lowers the breech. 



MANUAL EXERCISE. 60 

The first loader and first sponger push out the lower 
half-port, the first sponger takes off the muzzle-bag, 
takes out the tompion and passes them to the men on the 
right of the gun, who place them amidships. 

Note. — The handspike men, when raising or lowering 
the breech, stand between the ship's side and the hand- 
spike. 

The second sponger and second loader hook the side- 
tackles to the training-bolts ; the second loader places a 
shot-grommet in the rear to the left of the gun; the 
second sponger provides the sponge and rammer, which 
he places to the right of the gun, head amidships, on a 
damp swab. 

The first train-tackle man hooks the double block of 
the train-tackle to the bolt in the rear of the gun, and 
the second train-tackle man hooks the single block to the 
bolt amidships. Where there is only one train-tackle 
man, he performs both duties. 

The shotmen provide one shell and ten shot, a suffi- 
cient supply of selvagee, and six junk-wads ; and, during 
the action, supply the gun with shot and shell. 

The balance of the gun's crew assist in casting loose. 
The powder-boy provides an empty passing-box, pro- 
viding no powder is to be used ; otherwise, he is to pre- 
sent himself at the appointed place to receive a full box. 

The quarter-gunners provide the supply and reserve 
boxes, and the fireman places the fire-bucket near at 
hand. 

Third Command — Prime! 
The first captain clears the vent with a priming-wire, 



36 GUNNERY INSTRUCTIONS. 

which he inserts into the cartridge, opens the primer- 
box with the left hand, takes therefrom a primer with his 
right hand, closing the box with his left, inserts the 
primer into the vent, pressing the wafer down on the 
vent-piece with his thumb. 

Note. — At times the primer tubes are enlarged. In 
that case, reject them. Never attempt to force a primer 
into the vent. 

Fourth Command — Point! 

The captain steps back the length of the lock-string, 
bringing his eye in range with the sights and the object ; 
the handspike-men take up their handspikes and await 
the orders of the captain; the gun's crew man the side- 
tackles, and the first train-tackle man attends the train- 
tackles; the second captain attends the quoin, or elevating 
screw, and adjusts the breech-sight bar to the given ele- 
vations. 

The first captain commands Right ! or Left ! for lateral 
training, and Lower ! or Raise ! (meaning the breech), for 
the depression or elevation. 

The officer of the division gives the elevation ; the 
first captain brings the apex of the reinforce-sight, the 
bottom of the notch in the breech-sight bar, and the object 
to be struck in range, to coincide. Always aim at the 
water-line of a vessel. When the exact distance of an 
object is known, or in a heavy sea, have recourse to direct 
firing ; but in a smooth sea, at an elevation of less than 
four degrees, it is advisable to adopt ricochet firing, par- 
ticularly when firing at boat expeditions. 

In a heavy sea, the proper time to fire is when the 



MANUAL EXERCISE. 37 

ship is on the crest of the sea, about to roll toward the 
object. 

Note. — If the ship is rolling slowly, the gun must be 
so laid, after the sight is set for the distance, that this 
coincidence may be obtained, if possible, at the most 
favorable part of every roll which the ship makes. 

With rifled guns, always fire direct. By direct firing 
is meant to fire directly at an object, without touching 
any intervening point. By ricochet firing, is meant 
to cause the shot to graze on the water short of the ob- 
ject, so that the object may be reached by successive 
bounds. The sight-bar itself is the best instrument for 
approximating unknown distances. Fire one shot, then 
elevate or depress, to correct error of aim, if any. 

The thread of the elevating screw is so adjusted, that 
one complete turn is equal to one degree of a quadrant. 

In exercising the pivot guns, when pointing at objects 
beyond 1,700 yards, the trunnion-sight is used. 




A. Water level. C. Graduated metalic semicircle. 

B. Trunnion. D. Tiiumb-serew. 

Fig. 19. 

The trunnion-sight consists of a bar of wood, with 
a water-level and a graduated metallic semicircle on its 
centre. It is secured to the trunnion by a thumb-screw. 
When the cipher on the trunnion coincides with the 
cipher of the graduated scale, and the air-bulb of the 
water-level is visible, the gun is level. 

To give the elevation in degrees, adjust the number 



38 GUNNERY INSTRUCTIONS. 

of degrees required on the semicircle to the cipher of 
the trunnion, and elevate or depress until the water- 
bubble of the level is visible. 

In practice, it has been found that there is, in bullets 
fired with rifled motion, a constant deviation, due to the 
rotary motion itself, which depends on the manner of 
cutting the grooves. For example, when the ball rotates 
from left to right, it will deviate to the right of plane of 
fire. If the ball rotate from right to left, the deviation 
will be to the left. 

This deviation, termed by the French " derivation," is 
translated " drift." 

Fifth Command — Ready, Fire ! 

At the word ready, the first captain throws up his left 
hand, as a signal for the gun's crew to drop every thing 
and stand clear of the recoil. The side-tackles are 
dropped, the handspikes laid down, the first train-tackle 
man hauls taut the train-tackle ; and when all is ready, 
the command, Fire ! 

Note. — If the gun does not recoil to a taut breeching, 
the gun's crew, excepting first captain, first loader, and 
first sponger, man the train-tackle and run in, then 
level the gun before proceeding to sponge, when the 
gun is in, "chock the luff" of side and train tackles. 
The first loader and first sponger placing the chocking- 
quoins obliquely forward of the trucks. 

Sixth Command — Serve vent, and sponge ! 
The first sponger and first loader step inside of the 



MANUAL EXERCISE. 39 

breeching, taking their respective positions ; the first 
captain steps up to the breech, lavs back the hammer 
and clears the vent with the priming- wire ; the second 
sponger, facing from the gun, passes the sponge to the 
first sj3onger, who receives it with the palm of his right 
hand up and left hand down, inserts it into the bore, 
seizes the rod at arm's length with his right hand, the 
left resting on the muzzle. 

The first loader, in assisting the first sponger, receives 
the rod in his left hand (palm up), and his right resting 
on the muzzle. When the sponge is nearly at the bot- 
tom of the bore, the first captain serves the vent with 
his left thumb, the sponge being turned from the first 
sponger in order to bring the worm into action, and to 
clear the bore from all adhering fragments. The sponge 
is then withdrawn. The first sponger strikes the sponge- 
head under the muzzle, and presents it to the first loader 
for inspection. If there are any burning fragments ad- 
hering, the first loader extinguishes them with a wet 
band-swab, and the sponging is renewed. 

"When the sponge is withdrawn, the first captain again 
clears the vent with his priming- wire, and then serves it 
until the cartridge is home. 

The first sponger returns the sponge to the second 
sponger, and receives from him the rammer. 

The second handspike-man examines the sponge-head. 

Seventh Command — Load with cartridge ! 

The powder-boy, with a passing-box under his left 
arm, and his right hand on the lid, goes to the first 
loader, who takes out the cartridge and inserts it into the 



40 GUNNERY INSTRUCTIONS. 

bore, seam down, tie out, thrusting it in the length of 
his left arm ; the first sponger, assisted by the first loader, 
rams home the cartridge ; the first sponger having his 
left hand, and the first loader his right, resting on the 
mnzzle; when they believe the cartridge is home, they 
drop the rammer and fall clear of the muzzle. The first 
captain then unserves the vent, and feels with the prim- 
ing-wire if the cartridge is home. If it is home, he says, 
Home ; if it is not home, he says Set home. 

When the cartridge is home, the rammer is withdrawn. 

Note. — The captains of guns should be very careful 
not to insert the priming-wires into the vent while ram- 
ming home the charges, for the priming-wires are liable 
to be bent, thus spiking the gun. 

Eighth Command — Load with shot or shell ! 

The shotman provides the shell, the second loader 
takes it from the box and passes it to first loader, who 
inserts it into the bore, sabot in and fuze out ; the first 
sponger takes off the leaden patch and passes it to the 
captain, by the men on the right of the gun, to show 
that the priming of the fuze is clear, and also to indicate 
the number of shells fired. The first sponger, assisted 
by first loader, sends the shell gently home, and returns 
the rammer to the second sponger, who places it near 
the sponge, head amidships. If loading with shot, the 
second loader will pass the shot from the rack or grom- 
met to the first loader. 

In using the percussion projectile for the rifled guns, 
the cap must not be put on the plunger until its ser- 
vice is required ; but should the cap be put on, place 



MANUAL EXERCISE. 41 

some cotton between it and the screw-cap. Before using 
the shell, be sure and remove the cotton. 

Ninth Command — Run out ! 

The gun's crew man the side-tackles, the handspike- 
men ship the handspikes in the training-loops, and then 
assist at the side-tackles, the captains of the gun guid- 
ing the gun out to the midship of the port by the hand- 
spikes. The first train-tackle man attends the train- 
tackle to ease out the gun, the first sponger and first 
loader step outside of the breeching, and having re- 
moved the chocking-quoins from forward of the trucks, 
bear the breeching clear of the gun forward of the trucks. 
When the gun is out, the captains of the gun unship 
the handspikes and hand them to the handspike-men, 
who retain them in hand until the gun is pointed, and 
the command is given, Ready ! 

Note. — "When guns are mounted on the Marsilly 
carriage, the roller handspike is used for running in and 
out and training the gun, as the carriage has no rear 
truck, and the brackets rest on the deck. In training the 
muzzle to the left, the handle of the handspike should 
be carried to the left, and the contrary way in training 
the muzzle to the right. 

Note to Fifth Command. — In ease the priming should 
not explode, recourse will be had to friction primers, or 
to the spur-tubes. In using the friction primer the captain 
of the gun will raise the twisted wire loop until it is on a 
line with the spur, place the tube in the vent w 7 ith the 
spur toward the muzzle of the gun, and so that the spur 
will rest on the vent-piece and hook the lanyard fitted 



42 GUNNERY INSTRUCTIONS. 

for the purpose, and pull it as though it was a lock-string, 
but using less force. 

When the spur-tube is used, the priming is exposed, 
and the second captain uses a match. 

Tenth Command — Secure ! 

The gun is laid fair in the port, the breech lowered, 
the double-blocks of side-tackle hooked to eye-bolts at 
the side of the port, and hauled taut, and the fall hitched 
around the bracket and expended over its parts, securing 
it with rope-yarns. The train-tackle men hook the blocks 
to the bolts on the side of the port, the double block on 
the left side of the gun and the single block on the right 
side, expending the parts around the breech, in the 
jaws of the cascabel, securing the parts with rope-yarns. 
The breeching is hauled through the jaws of the casca- 
bel on the port side of the gun, and forming with the 
bite a turn over the breech, and first reinforce, and secu- 
ring the parts on each side with selvagee and heavers. I 
should advise the bite of breeching be secured on the port 
side, and not heave the bite over the breech. These du- 
ties are performed by the parties that cast the gun loose, 
each man performing his respective duties. 

Quick Firing. 

In order to insure the great advantage of rapid firing 
when the enemy is near, and consequently when nicety 
of aim becomes of secondary importance, officers are en- 
joined to frequently exercise their crews of the uncham- 
bered guns, in setting the cartridge and shot home to- 
gether, with one motion. 



MANUAL EXERCISE. 43 

To prevent the shot from rolling on the tie of the car- 
tridge, the tie should be shortened as much as possible. 
The French plan is to cut that part of the bag beyond 
the tie to two inches, and make it up in the form of a 
cockade. 

The Command is — Sponge and load, with o^e motion ! 

The first loader receives the cartridge from the pow- 
der-boy, and inserts it in the gun as directed under 
Load with Cartridge; he also receives the shot or 
shell from the shotman, and introduces it in the manner 
as directed under Load with Shot or Shell. 

As soon as the whole charge has been introduced, the 
first sponger, assisted by the first loader, sends the two 
home smartly with the rammer, as in ordinary load- 
ing. 

When home, run the gun out as quickly as possi- 
ble, when the captain pricks, primes, points and fires in 
the usual manner, and as rapidly as is consistent with 
effective aim. 

Shifting Breeching in Action. 

Command — Sponge, load, and shift breeching ! 

The gun's crew, consisting of six men and a powder- 
boy, that being the least number necessary to perform 
the evolution, and the gun being discharged and run in, 
the first captain hauls taut the train-tackle and chocks 
the luff; the first sponger and the first loader place the 
chocking-quoins obliquely in front of the forward trucks, 
and proceed to sponge and load in the usual manner. 



44: GUNNERY INSTRUCTIONS. 

The second sponger and second loader haul taut the 
side-tackles and chock the luff, and then unshackle the 
old breeching and shackle the new, which is brought to 
the gun by the second captain. The first captain re- 
moves the old breeching from, and places and secures 
the bight of the new breeeching in the jaws of the cas- 
cabel. 

The second captain passes the old breeching amid- 
ships, and the men resume their usual duties at the guns. 
"When there are more than six men at the gun, the sec- 
ond sponger and second loader, after securing the side- 
tackle falls, will assist to load the gun, and the additional 
men will assist in unshackling the old and shackling the 
new breeching. 

In Pointing, to obtain the greatest Elevation. 

Command — Extreme Elevation ! 

The second handspike-man lays the handspike down 
on deck as a fulcrum on which to rest the other hand- 
spike ; the first handspike-man puts the butt of his hand- 
spike under the dumb truck and bears down on the han- 
dle until the rear trucks are clear of the deck. 

The men near the trucks, take out the linchpins, take 
off the washers and unship the trucks. 

The handspike-men raise the breech of the gun, the 
second captain takes out the quoin and lays it on the 
deck, clear of recoil, and then bears down the breech of 
the gun on the bed, thus obtaining the greatest safe ele- 
vation. After the gun is fired, the handspikes are 
placed as before for fulcrum and lever, the truck shipped, 
the gun run in, and levelled wdien in. For extreme de- 



MANUAL EXERCISE. 45 

pression raise the breech of the gun, and the quoin be- 
ing turned on its side is shoved well under it. 

Note. — Experience has taught, that placing the two 
handspikes Tinder the rear axle dowel on deck, the 
extreme elevation can be obtained by raising the hand- 
spikes, with less force than by previous methods, and 
much more expeditiously. I would advise the latter 
method by all means. 

]Note on" Loading. — ~No gun should be loaded with 
more than a single shot or shell, without the express 
sanction of the captain of the vessel, nor should a solid 
shot be fired from shell guns. 

Although double-shotting may be attended with ad- 
vantages while in very close action, it should not.be per- 
mitted with guns which have been weakened by any ex- 
traordinary service, nor in others without due considera- 
tion of the extra strain upon the guns and their equip- 
ments, and a comparison of its probable advantages over 
rapid firing with single shot by simultaneous loading. 
"When a gun is double-shotted, use ordinary charge, 
when the gun is cool, and near charge when the gun is 
heated. 

Experiments have shown that two solid or hollow 
round-shot, when fired from 32-pounder shot guns of 46 
cwt. and upward, will range sufficiently near together, 
and have sufficient penetrating power to produce de- 
structive effect upon the broadside of a ship, when not 
more than 350 yards distant. Beyond that distance the 
divergence of shot is so great that, even when they re- 
tain sufficient penetrating power, their use becomes im- 
proper. 

In 32-pounders of less than 46 cwt., the use of two 



46 GUNNERY INSTRUCTIONS. 

shot against ships, should be limited to d stances not ex- 
ceeding 250 yards. 

Xever use two shells in shell guns, as there is danger 
of breaking one or both shells, and injuring the fuses by 
the concussion of the discharge. Should the captain 
order two shells to be fired, it should be done at very 
short distances, and then only with a ne ir firing charge. 

Grape-shot should not b3 used against ships of a: 
beyond 150 yards, but when the men on a spar-deck 
are exposed by the heeling of a ship, grape may be 
used against them at distances varying irom 200 to 300 
yards. 

Against light vessels and boats, grape may be used at 
about 400 yards, the dispersion of balls at that distance 
is about 30 yards. 

Fighting both Sides. 

At the beat to general quarters, the crew proceed to 
cast loose the guns on both sides, the starboard watch 
manning the starboard side, and the port watch the port 
side. 

The first part of the guns' crews of the starboard 
watch, manning the odd-numbered guns on the starboard 
side, and the second part the even-numbered guns. 

The first part of the port watch will man the even- 
numbered guns on the port side, and the second part 
the odd-numbered guns forward on the same side. 

When the guns are cast loose, the shifting-men wil! 
proceed to the guns commanded by their first captains. 

The shifting-men are all those who are not captains 
spongers, and loaders. 



MANUAL EXERCISE. 47 

Cast loose loth sides ! Shifting-men, Change ! 



Port 
Watch, 




Fig. 20. 

In fighting both sides, the guns being loaded and run 
out, the commands are as follows :* 

First Command — First captains, Prime ! 

Second Command — First captains, Point ! 

Third Command — First captains, Ready, Fire ! 

Xote. — If the gun does not recoil to a taut breeching, 
the shifting-men man the train-tackle and run the gun in. 

Fourth Command — Shifting-men, Change ! 

The guns of the first captains having been discharged 
and run in, the commands are as follows : 

First captains, Serve vent and sponge ! Second cap- 
tains, Prime ! 

First captains, Load with cartridge ! Second cap- 
tains, Point! * ■ 

First captains, Load with shot (or shell) ! Second 
captains, Ready, Fire ! 

* In the Ordnance Instructions, the command is given by the executive 
or officer of the division, Ready, Fire ! The command* Fire ! should 
be^ given by the captains of guns, at the most favorable moment for 
firing, without being subject to orders. It will prevent a useless waste of 
ammunition. 



48 GUNNERY INSTRUCTIONS. 

The gun being run in to a taut breeching, the com- 
mand is : 

Shifting-men, Change ! 

The shifting-men then proceed to the guns commanded 
by the first captains, run them out, and assist in point- 
ing, and the command is given : 

Second captain, Serve vent and sponge ! First cap- 
tain. Prime! (fee, (fee, &c. 

The shot-men provide the shot and shell for the guns 
on the respective sides. 

The powder-boys provide the cartridges for the two 
guns on the respective sides, viz. : for the guns 1 and 2, 
3 and 4, &e, &c. ; and on the port side, the powder- 
boys of the port watch will provide powder for their 
guns, viz. : 2 and 1, 4 and 3, etc., (fee, &c. 

In fighting both sides at quick firing, the commands 
are as follows : 

First captains, Sponge and load ! Second captains, 
Point and Fire ! Shifting-men, Change ! 

Second captains, Sponge and load ! First captains, 
Point and Fire ! Shifting-men, Change ! 

When the commands are thus given, the captains of 
the guns give the usual commands, Run out, Prime, 
Point! &c, &c, (fee, executing them as soon as possible. 

Another way of fighting both sides is for the two 
watches to fight their respective guns on their respective 
sides. 

This way of exercising has one advantage; the men 
are less fatigued. 

By the other way, quick firing is obtained, and the 
guns are thus prevented from becoming heated. 

When there is an odd gun on either side, the first part 



MANUAL EXERCISE. 49 

of the gun's crew will proceed to cast loose the starboard 
gun, and the second part the port gun. 

When the gun is cast loose, the shifting-men will 
proceed to the starboard gun, which is commanded by 
the first captain, and at the command, Shifting-men, 
Change ! will cross over to the port gun commanded by 
the second captain, and vice versa. 

When the guns' crews have become perfect in the 
performance of their specific duties, they should be exer- 
cised at the duties pertaining to the other stations at the 
gun. 

To Load with Hot Shot. 

Elevate the gun, to permit the shot to roll down the 
bore, home. Insert your cartridge as usual, over the 
cartridge place a dry hay-wad, over the dry hay-wad 
place a wet hay-wad, or a wad of clay, and then ram 
home. The shot is then brought to the gun, placed in 
the muzzle, and it will roll home, because of the elevation. 

If it is necessary to depress your gun for a close shot, 
insert a wet hay or a clay wad over the shot. Clay is 
best if it can be had. It should be potter's clay if pos- 
sible, and free of gravel. 

The wads should be the size of the diameter of the 
calibre of the gun. 

After loading, fire as soon as possible. The charge 
of powder for hot shot is one-quarter or one-sixth of 
the weight of the shot. I would advise one-sixth for 
charge. The charge is thus small for the purpose of 
giving as slow a velocity as possible to the shot, because 
with slow velocities the wood is splintered, and thus 
ignition facilitated. 
3 



50 



GUNNERY INSTRUCTIONS. 







D 



£.2 



«< H £ a 



Ef*^ 



5 o'w 



CD 
H 



IS 



^ 8 © ^ 

w C ^ h o 

£ . § § " « S 



OB 



__ CM 

« J £ § c = &b 



PR 



* 1 



« 5 S S s 

' g*°, g .. CQ 

oT£ g* © 

Oho W. 



'c ov; 



bo 



A G ^ ^ 



£ .2 3 5? £ 



bO 



5 •&!«,* 8 1 



MANUAL EXERCISE. 51 

Note on Firing. — In practising with shells, as a 
general approximate rule, the 5-second fuze should not 
be used with ordinary charges at a distance exceeding 
three-fourths of a mile, or 1,320 yards ; nor should the 10- 
second fuze be used at a less distance than this, or at a 
greater distance than 2,300 or 2,400 yards for the 8-inch 
and 32-pounders, or 2,000 yards for the 9-inch guns, with 
distant tiring charges. The flight of the 15-second fuze, 
with distant firing charges, from 32-pounders and 8-inch 
guns, is If miles, or 3,080 yards. 

Stations of Pivot Guns. 

11-inch Pivot Gun — Stations. 



1st loader and 2d boarder, 3 

2d loader and 1st boarder, 5 

1st front leverman, 2d boarder, 7 

1st compressman and pikeman, 13 

1st shellman and pumpman, 15 

Tackle nian and 2d boarder, 19 

Tackleman and 2d boarder, 21 

Tackleman and pikeman, 23 

Tackleman, 25 

1st rear leverman and pikeman, 9 

1st train leverman and fireman, 11 

1st captain and 2d boarder, 1 



4 — 1st sponger and 2d boarder. 

6 — 2d sponger and 1st boarder. 

8 — 2d front leverman, 1st do. 
14 — 2d compressman and pikeman. 
16 — 2d shellman and pumpman. 
18 — Tackleman and 1st boarder. 
20 — Tackleman and 1st boarder. 
22 — Tackleman and pikeman. 
24— Tackleman. 

10 — 2d rear leverman and pikeman. 
12 — 2d train leverman and fireman, 

2 — 2d captain and 1st boarder. 



Powder-man, 17 

To reduce a gun's crew from 25 to 20 men, omit the 
five highest numbers, and No. 20 becomes a pikeman 
instead of a boarder. 

To reduce a gun's crew from 20 men to 17 men, omit 
the three highest numbers, and no other change is made. 

There are new carriages, with one eccentric roller, for 
pivot guns of light calibre, rifled, introduced into the 
service. Officers in stationing a crew for a gun thus 
mounted, must in a measure be guided by their own 
judgment. They will require from 12 to 14 men. 



52 



GUNNERY INSTRUCTIONS. 




1. Shiftinsr-tackles. 

2. Train-tackles. 



For 14 men, I would suggest the following stations : 



3 4 — 1st sponger and 2d boarder. 
5 6 — 2d sponger and 1st boarder. 
7 8 — 2d com pressman and pikeman. 
13 14 — 2d shellman and pumpman. 
9 10 — 2d leverman, handspike-man and 
pikeman. 
11 1 2 — 2d train leverman and fireman. 
1 2 — 2d captain, 1st boarder. 
Powder-boy. 

Note. — Where there is an elevating screw, No. 10 is 
relieved from the duty of handspike-man. 



1st loader and 2d boarder, 
2d loader and 1st boarder, 
1st compressman and pikeman, 
1st shellman and pumpman, 
1st leverman and 2d boarder, 

1st train leverman and fireman. 
1st captain, 2d boarder, 



MANUAL EXERCISE. 53 

Pivot Gun Exercise. 

COMMANDS. 



1st. 


Silence ! Cast loose and Provide ! 


2d. 


Run in ! (If the gun is out.) 


3d. 
4th. 
5th. 


Shift pivot to the right (or left) ! 
Serve vent and sponge ! 
Load ! 


6th. 


Run out ! 


7th. 


Prime ! 


8th. 


Point ! 


9th. 
Oth. 


Ready, Fire! 

Shift to the housing-pivot and secure ! 



First Command — Silence ! Cast loose and Provide ! 

The first captain has general supervision, sees the 
circles clear and swept, the levers properly shipped for 
bringing the rollers into action, and beckets handy, 
to retain them in their places while shipped, the com- 
pressers in working order. The first captain takes off 
lock-cover. The second captain takes off sight-covers 
and lays them clear of the circle, and provides waist- 
belts and primers. 

Nos. 3 and 4 take off muzzle-bag and tompion, and 
assist in casting loose ; 

5 brings the rammer and fills the water-buckets. 

6 brings the sponge and wet swabs. 

7 and 8 cast loose forward-gun lashings, and ship 
front-roller levers. 

9 and 10 cast loose after-gun lashings, and ship after- 
roller lever. 



54 GUNNERY INSTRUCTIONS. 

11 and 12 cast loose inner tackles, and ship shifting- 
truck levers. 

13 and 14 cast loose outer tackles and sweep the 
gun circles. 

15 and 16 provide shell and assist in removing bul- 
warks. 

IT Provides the passing-box. 

18 and 19 cast loose and hook the shifting-tackles to 
the gun-slide and assist in lowering bulwarks. 

20 and 21 cast loose and hook shifting-tackles to deck- 
bolts and also assist in removing bulwarks. 

22, 23, 24 and 25 assist in removing bulwarks and 
casting loose. 

Second Command. — Hun in! 

Note. — The housing or after bolt, is the centre of 
motion in shifting pivot to the right or left. To facili- 
tate shifting pivot to the right or left, it is necessary to 
get the weight of the gun over the centre of motion, so 
as to relieve the shifting-trucks of the friction. The 
shifting-trucks are the forward trucks of the gun-slide, 
and are brought into action when shifting pivot. There- 
fore when the gun is out, the command, Hun in ! 

At this command, Run in ! 13 and 14 will ease up 
the compressers, 7, 8, 9 and 10 will bring the rollers into 
action, 3 and 4 will attend the outer tackle, and the 
balance of the gun's crew, excepting first captain, 
will man the inner tackles. When the ship is rolling 
deeply, 5 and 6 will assist at the outer tackles and the 
after rollers may be thrown out of action. 



MANUAL EXERCISE. 55 

TniED Command — Shift pivot to the right (or left) ! 

If the command is, Shift pivot to the left, 11 and 12 
will bring the shifting-trucks into action, 3 and 4 will 
unship the forward pivot bolt ; after the bolt is unship- 
ped, -1 will attend to lower it into the socket and 3 
will attend the chock, 18 will attend the right shifting- 
tackle, and the balance of the gun's crew, with the ex- 
ception of the first captain's, will man the left shifting- 
tackle. 

TThen, shifting pivot to the right, 19 will attend the 
left shifting-tackle, 3 will lower the bolt into the socket, 
and 4 will attend the chock. 

When the gun is pivoted, 18, 19, 20 and 21 will 
"unhook the shifting-tackles, and hook them to the bolt 
on the rear of the gun-slide, to be used as train-tackles. 

Fourth Command — Serve vent and sponge ! 

Same as in side-guns, Iso. 6 passing the sponge to No. 
4 ; but jS t o. 20 stands ready to hand the rammer when 
the sponge is returned, so as to facilitate loading. 

Fifth Command — Load! (See Side- Guns) 

Xote. — The rammers of the Dahlgren shell guns are 
marked to indicate when the loads are home, owing 
to there being no reduced charges, and the shells are 
brought to the guns on bearers by the shellmen. 

Sixth Command — Run out ! 

13 and 14 ease up the compressers ; 7, 8, 9 and 10 
bring the rollers into action; 11 and 12 attend the inner 
tackles, and the balance of the gun's crew, excepting first 



56 GUNNERY INSTRUCTIONS. 

and second captains, man the outer tackles. "When 
the gun is out, 3 and 4 shackle the breeching. 

If the ship is rolling deeply, the second captain and 
quarter gunner will assist at the inner tackles. If roll- 
ing very heavily, the after rollers will not be brought 
into action, and 9 and 10 will assist at inner tackles. 
"When the gun is out, the second captain will unship 
housing or after bolt. By watching the roll of the 
ship the guns can be easily worked. 

Seventh Command — Prime ! (See Side- Guns.) 

Eighth Command — Point ! 

11 and 12 bring the training or after trucks of the 
slide into action, the gun's crew, with the exception of 
1, 2, 3 and 4, will man the train-tackles on their respec- 
tive sides, 2 will attend elevating screw, quoin, and sight- 
bar, while 'No. 1 points. 

Ninth Command — Ready, Fire ! 

The training-trucks are thrown out of action and the 
train-tackles are dropped. The compressers must not he 
eased up until the gun is discharged. 

Tenth Command — Shift to housing-holt and secure ! 

(3 and 4 will unshackle the breeching.) 

Get the rear of the carriage over the socket for the 
housing-bolt ; insert the bolt, manning your shifting- 
tackles right or left as necessity requires. Run in, and 
when your gun is fore and aft, ship your forward pivot 
bolt and secure. 



MANUAL EXERCISE. 57 

The tackies and lashings are hauled taut and secured 
by the same numbers as cast them loose, and the bul- 
warks are secured by those who unshipped them. The 
levers are laid aside or pinned back, the rollers being 
out of action, and compressers screwed down. 

Precaution in Loading Shells. 

Whenever it shall be necessary to load and fuze shell 
on board ship — a properly secured place being first pre- 
pared, as directed by the captain — the shells being strip- 
ped and sabotted, are to be examined to see that they 
are clean, both inside and out, and thoroughly dry. 
The prescribed charge of powder is next to be poured 
into them, through a proper funnel; any grains of it 
which may remain sticking to the thread of the bouch- 
ing are to be brushed away carefully, and then, after 
putting a light coat of lacquer for small arms on this 
thread and on that of the fuze, the latter is to be screwed 
in carefully with the fuze- wrench. The lacquer should 
be of the consistency of cream, and when, from evapora- 
tion, it becomes too stiff, should be thinned by adding 
more spirits of turpentine. 

In emptying shell they are to be handled carefully, 
and placed on a bench with a hole in to receive and 
support the inverted shell. A wooden vessel placed 
below will receive the powder. Should the powder 
have become caked, so as not to be easily removed from 
the shell, it is to be drowned and removed by washing- 
out the shell. 
3* 



58 



GUNNERY INSTRUCTIONS. 



Charge ot powder for shell, as follows : 





32 pd'r. 

lbs. 


xi-in. 
lbs. 


x-in. 
lbs. 


ix-in. 

lbs. 


vin-in. 


— ■ 

Boat Howitzers. 
24pdT. 12 pd'r. 


Bursting charge 
Blowing charge 


0.90 
0.25 


6.00 
0.25 


4.00 
0.25 


3.00 
0.25 


1.85 
0.25 


1.00 0.5 



Throwing Guns Overboard. 

The gun's crew being at quarters, remove the pin and 
chock from the cascabel, into the jaws of which place a 
selvagee strap ; hook the double block of the train-tackle 
into the bolt over the port, and the single block into the 
selvagee strap ; remove the cap-squares and place a 
round block of wood on the side of the port, high enough 
to let chase bear on it wdien slightly depressed ; raise 
the breech as much as possible without lifting the gun 
out of the carriage ; man well the train-tackle, have the 
handspike-men ready to assist in raising the breech, and 
if the vessel is not rolling it will be well to have addi- 
tional handspikes under the rear of the carriage to lift 
it also, so as to give free egress to the gun ; all being 
ready, give the order, All together ! Launch ! 

In a gale of wind, advantage should be taken of a 
favorable roll to give the order, that the action of the 
sea and the men at the gun should be simultaneous. If 
the guns are to be thrown overboard for the purpose of 
lightening a ship which is aground, they must be buoyed, 
and care taken that each buoy-rope is of a proper length 
and strong enough to weigh the gun. The buoy must 
have sufficient buoyancy to float the rope. 



\IA\r\L EXERCISE. 59 

To transport Guns from Side to Side. 

The first part of a gun's crew, if of the starboard watch, 
will prepare the odd gun on the starboard side, and the 
second part the odd gun on the port side. 

The first part of the port watch, will prepare the even 
gun on the port side, and the second part the even gun 
on the starboard side. 

For instance, in shifting a gun from port to starboard, 
the gun's crew on the starboard side will unshackle the 
breeching, run in, unhook the side-tackles and remove 
the gun clear of the port, to permit the port gun to be 
transported and run out. The proper part of the gun's 
crew on the port side, will unshackle the breeching, run 
in and unhook the side-tackles, and by using one hand- 
spike under the bracket of the carriage and the other 
in the muzzle of the gun, a proper slew or direction can 
be obtained. 

To haul the gun ahead, hook the train-tackle (double 
block) to the forward bolt of the gun-carriage and the 
single block to the most convenient bolt in the deck. 
Use the chocking-quoins for checking the gun in case the 
ship is rolling. An intelligent officer can readily see 
how to dispose of his men to the best advantage. 

To unspike Guns. 

If the spike i& not screwed or clinched in, and the 
bore not impeded, put in a charge of powder one-third 
of the weight of the shot and ram junk-wads over it, 
laying on the bottom of the bore a piece of wood grooved 
on the under side, containing a strand of quick-match, 
by which the fire is communicated to the charge. 



60 GUNNERY INSTRUCTIONS. 

Gunnery. 

By gunnery, is meant all that relates to the drill of 
the personnel of a gun, and its skilful and effective 
use. 

Recoil. 

By recoil, is meant the reaction upon the bottom of 
the bore of a force equal to that which drives before it 
the projectile and the unconsumed portion of the charge 
itself, for the ignition of the charge is not instantaneous. 

Windage. 

By windage is meant the difference between the 
diameter of the projectile, and the bore. Windage im- 
pairs the accuracy of firing, and occasions great loss of 
gas, which diminishes the effect of the charge. 

Gunpowder. 

Proportions, by regulation, for cannon powder, in 
United States service: — 

ISTitre, 75 to 76 per cent.; Charcoal, 15 to 14 per 
cent.; Sulphur, 10 per cent. By increasing the pro- 
portion of nitre, the powder becomes quicker and 
better fitted for sporting ; by increasing the proportion 
of charcoal, it becomes stronger ; but, as this substance 
absorbs moisture rapidly, powder will not keep so well. 
Sulphur is not essential to the strength of gunpowder, 
but it unites the materials, protects them from moisture, 
and gives to the grains a firmness requisite for trans- 
portation. 

When powder has been glazed, it resists the effect of 
the air and transportation better than when unglazed, 



MANUAL EXERCISE. 61 

but the inflammability of each grain is lessened. Large 
charges, however, are more rapidly consumed, when 
glazed, on account of the freedom with which the flame 
circulates through the interstices, and envelops the 
whole mass. 

Primers. 

A quill tube capped by an explosive wafer. The 
tube is filled with fine grain powder ; the wafer is com- 
posed of cartridge-paper, enclosing a layer of fulminate 
of mercury, combined with a small quantity of meal 
powder. When pressed and perfectly dry, the wafer is 
coated with uncolored shellac, to preserve it from damp- 
ness. 



62 



GUNNERY INSTKTJCTIONS. 



MEAN KANGES 

OF U. S. NAVAL GUNS. 

The aim is supposed to be taken at the water-line of a ship. 







32-Pounder. 




8-inch Shell Guns. 


Class of Gun, 


J 


t 






27 cwt. 


33 cwt. 


42 cwt. 


57 cwt. 


55 cwt. 


63 cwt. 


Charges, 


4 lbs. 


4|lbs. 


6 lbs. 


9 lbs. 


7 lbs. 


9 lbs. 


Height above 
Water. 


1 7 feet. 
Eange. 


Hft. 


8ift. 


9 feet. 


nk 


9 feet. 


Elevation. 


Eange. 


Eange. 


Eange. 


Eange. 


Eange. 


P. B., or level 


250 yds. 


287 yds. 


313 yds. 


360 yds. 


283 yds. 


330 yds. 


l e 


545 " 


581 " 


672 " 


760 " 


579 " 


660 " 


2° 


800 " 


857 " 


988 " 


1150 " 


869 " 


960 " 


3° 


1047 " 


1140 " 


1278 " 


1440 " 


1148 " 


1270 " 


4° 


1278 " 


1398 " 


1505 " 


1710 " 


1413 " 


1540 " 


5° 


1469 " 


1598 " 


1756 " 


1930 " 


1657 " 


1770 " 


6° 


1637 " 








1866 " 















Class of Gun, 


J 9-inch 
1 Shell Gun. 


11 -inch 
Shell Gun. 


Charge 


10 lbs. 
72 " 
10 feet. 

Eange. 

340 yds. 
700 " 
900 " 
1100 " 
1300 " 
1500 " 
1700 " 


15 lbs. 


Shell 


135 " 


Axis of bore above load line 


10 feet. 


Elevation. 
Level . , , 


Eange. 

306 yds. 

500 " 

700 " 

900 " 

1100 " 

1300 " 

1500 " 

1700 " 





HINTS TO AN EXECUTIVE OFFICER. 63 



HINTS TO AN EXECUTIVE OFFICER 

Give your orders on the quarter-deck, avoid doing so 
at the mess-table or in your apartment. 

Do not permit the captain or duties of the ship to 
be criticised in your presence, as officers should never 
make remarks as to the captain's mode of doing duty. 

A senior officer ought to have professional knowl- 
edge, great command of temper, perseverance and 
patience. He should ever be foremost on trying occa- 
sions. His voice and manner should bespeak courage, 
power, and confidence, as it will never fail to bring for- 
ward corresponding exertions from a ship's company. 

It often happens that an executive is called during 
the night. This should not prevent his early rising in 
the morning, and he should check all slovenliness in the 
early part of the cruise, and should exact prompt reports 
as to any chafes and damages. 

He should carefully guard against overworking his 
crew, except in cases of emergency ; but he should see 
that they always have sufficient work to keep a healthy 
state of body and mind. 

Discipline is the proper management of men through 
a knowledge of their habits and characters, with suavity 
of manner in the officer in command, and judgment to 



61 GUNNERY INSTRUCTIONS. 

insure the full efficiency of the service with the smallest 
amount of punishment. 

The police of the ship ought to be encouraged and 
well supported in all their duties. 

Impress it upon your mind that the good order of 
your ship depends much upon the proper management 
of the police. 

Any remarks or expressions which have the slight- 
est tendency to create bad feelings between the seamen 
and the marines, ought to be immediately suppressed. 
When sentries are not properly supported, they soon 
become negligent, and much disorder creeps into a ship. 
This point must be strictly attended to, as serious con- 
sequences may arise from sentries not doing their duty 
strictly. 

Beware of "skulkers." They generally begin by 
trying their strength in opposition to the working petty 
officers, and if the latter are not upheld, they cannot 
be expected to do their duty well. Give all complaints, 
particularly from men, patient investigation, and redress 
every grievance quickly, but quietly. 

Severity of punishment generally defeats its own 
object, and oftener tends to harden and disgust, than to 
reclaim the offender. In awarding punishment good 
character should have its full weight, and a quiet caution 
to some men will do more good than any amount of 
punishment. Petty officers should choose their "bumb- 
boat attendants." Nothing gives an officer more in- 
fluence over the men, than kindness and attention to the 
sick. Should an accident happen to the crew, endeavor 
to be on the spot as soon as possible. Good seamen 
value and respect officers who have a proper feeling for 



HINTS TO AN EXECUTIVE OFFICER. G3 

their wants. When a man is very ill, be careful that no 
noise that can possibly be avoided, be permitted in that 
part of the ship where he is. 

Avoid tiring guns, and do not permit any noise what- 
ever to be made over the sick-bay, when there are very 
sick men therein. Air bedding frequently, and select 
very dry days for so doing, particularly in tropical 
climates ; and never permit clothes of any description 
to be kept in hammocks, as diseases are frequently 
engendered by such carelessness. Before piping down 
clothes, see that they are perfectly dry. Take advantage 
of rainy days to scrub with fresh water. If any indul- 
gences are required by the petty officers, see them 
yourself, and grant the request, if practicable. Kind- 
ness begets kindness, and the hearts of the crew will be 
warmed to that officer who pays attention to their wants 
and comforts. Petty officers should be exempt from 
all muster of clothes, bags, hammocks, &c. ; and as soon 
as confidence can be placed in them, let them muster 
the watch. 

Permit them certain privileges which will give im- 
portance to their rate. 

"Whenever the petty officers are not supported, the 
chain of discipline between officers and ship's company 
is weakened. The captains of the tops mess with the 
topmen. On rainy days let the men overhaul their 
bags, or wash clothes. 

Examine the sick list daily, so as to provide for im- 
portant stations in exercising. Give leave frequently to 
the good men, and refuse it to those who transgress. 
When a man has been punished, no one on board ought 
to be permitted to taunt him with such punishment ; 



66 GUNNERY INSTRUCTIONS. 

having paid the penalty, he should be considered as 
beginning afresh. If the hope of raising himself again 
by future good conduct be taken away, he is driven to 
a disregard of consequences. 

When an officer does his own duty cheerfully and 
conscientiously, it tends much to inspire the crew with 
the same spirit. Before proceeding to sea, see your 
spars greased, ropes taut, rigging and sails examined, 
and that every thing leads clear. 

"When men are working aloft, do not hail them un- 
necessarily. Never permit articles to be thrown from 
aloft, as accidents are liable to occur. 

Have a good sea-boat's crew in each watch, composed 
not only of good boatmen, but of good seamen and good 
swimmers. Each sea-boat should have several men 
attached to her, above her proper crew, for emergencies, 
such as a man overboard. 

Always have two boats prepared, breakers of water 
filled, bread and compasses at hand, and a painter from 
each boat secured forward. 

Never permit her apparel to be taken out, and have 
the plug near by. A daily inspection of the boats 
is recommended. Once or twice a month try the life- 
buoys, and exercise the men at the evolutions of a "Man 
overboard." In manning boats when towing, see that 
the boat drops entirely astern of the other towing boats 
before casting off; accidents are thus avoided. The 
comfort of officers in harbor depends so much on having 
a ship's boat at stated times to take them to and from 
the shore, that nothing but the exigencies of the service 
should debar them from this advantage. It makes their 
leave more systematic. When a boat's crew is absent, 



HINTS TO AN EXECUTIVE OFFICER. 67 

have their meals kept for tliem. The master-at-arms 
and cooks should be held responsible in carrying out this 
order. When meal hours have arrived and the boat not 
returned, the quartermaster will remind the officer ot 
the deck of the fact, who will immediately issue his 
orders to the master-at-arms. The wash-clothes of 
boats' crews must be looked out for, and delivered to 
the master-at-arms until their return. The captain's 
boat's crew should have no station of importance when 
the ship is going into or out of port. 

When making sail, instead of indulging in such 
a long string of words, as Let fall ! Sheet home ! Haul 
aboard! Hoist away ! when ready, give the preparatory 
word Taut ! and the words, Make sail ! will bring 
every thing equally well in its place. 

The senior officer should be particular only to relieve 
the officer of the deck during the morning watches, and 
at no other time, as it may lesson his authority over 
the watch officers. 

The men should be allowed their bags, to shift their 
clothes, at meal hours, morning and evening. 

Be careful always to wear your proper uniform, and 
exact the same attention on the part of others ; and also 
exact from all the proper salute ; and particularly, when 
coming on the quarter-deck, salute the officer of the 
deck. 

The berth-deck must be inspected every morning, at 
about 10 o'clock, and an inspection of the mess-chests 
and " fixings" once a week, all articles being spread on 
a mess-cloth on the deck. 

In boarding vessels the first relief, or officer of the 
middle watch, should do the boarding. 



68 GUNNERY INSTRUCTIONS. 

Should he be on duty, the second relief, or the officer 
who follows him in the line of duty, will perform the ser- 
vice. The crew should be inspected at quarters every 
morning at 9h. 30m., and every evening near sunset. 
~No one should be confined without the authority of the 
captain. Still it would be well for the captain to per- 
mit the executive to confine men for the minor offences. 
All serious offences should be referred to the command- 
ing officer. There must always be an officer on the 
quarter-deck. 

Galley fires and berth-deck lights must be reported 
out by the master-at-arms, at 8 r. m. Steerage lights 
at 9 p. m., and ward-room lights at 10 o'clock, unless 
permission is granted by the commanding officer to re- 
tain them. 

Colors (the ship's) are hoisted and hauled down by the 
flag-ship. 

If no flag-ship is at hand, the colors will be hoisted 
at 9 a. m., during the fall and winter months, and at 
8 o'clock during the spring and summer months. 

The boats' salutes to the superior officer ar^e regu- 
lated by the commanders of the squadrons. 

The boat-keepers, on the approach of another boat con- 
taining officers, will stand up and touch their caps. 

The boat awnings should be spread when the ship's 
awnings are all out. At sea the gunner's mate will 
examine the battery, the carpenter's mate sound the 
pumps, and the boatswain's mate examine the rigging at 
7.30 a. m. and 7.30 p. m., and report their condition to 
the executive officer, who will receive their reports on 
the quarter-deck. 

The keys of all store-rooms are deposited and kept in 



HINTS TO AN EXECUTIVE OFFICER. 69 

the executive officer's room. The keys of the hold and 
spirit-room are kept in the master's room. 

Routine at Sea. 

The hammocks of the watch below are piped up at 
seven bells. Scrub clothes every day except Saturdays 
and Sundays, and clean decks and bright work as re- 
quired. Have short and spirited division exercises every 
day. General exercise twice a week ; when the men are 
well drilled, once a week~will do. Inspection at quarters 
at 9 a. m., and about sunset every day. In the morning 
inspection the division bright work is also inspected. The 
bright work is distributed by the officer of the division 
so as to give each man an equal share. 

Scrub hammocks semi-monthly. On Saturday the 
bags are piped up and the crew permitted to examine, 
repair, and mark their clothing. On Sundays inspect 
the divisions at 9 a. m., and muster the men around 
the capstan at 10 a. m. Any officer may volunteer to 
read prayers, but it should be optional with the crew 
whether they attend. On the first Sunday of every 
month, the Articles of War should be read in presence 
of officers and crew. 

Routine in Port. 

Scrub clothes three times a week, and hammocks 
semi-monthly. On Saturday pipe up the bags and per- 
mit the men to examine their clothing. At seven bells, 
every morning, lower the boats. In the morning all 
hands are generally called in time to perform the duties 
of cleaning ship, before breakfast. 



70 GUNNERY INSTRUCTIONS. 

Hammocks are piped down at dusk, unless duty pre- 
vents it. 

All reports are made through the executive to the 
commanding officer ; and, as a general rule, all orders 
are transmitted by the commander through the executive. 
Military etiquette exacts it. Discipline is frequently de- 
stroyed by commanders endeavoring to make the civil 
branch of the service independent of the executive. In 
my judgment there is no better example of an officer's 
qualifications, than the officer who refuses to his execu- 
tive the prerogative enjoyed by himself w T hen he was an 
executive. One of the greatest evils of the service is the 
levelling system. It leads those who have nominal rank 
to strive to be independent of the executive. The ex- 
ecutive has general superintendance, under the immedi- 
ate supervision of the commander. 



WATCH AND QUARTER BILLS. 



71 



WATCH AND QTJAETER BILLS, 

FOR SAME CLASS OF VESSELS AS THE U. S. S. HUNTSVILLE. 
WATCH BILL. 

FORECASTLE. 



Port. 


Starboard. 


Ship's 

Nos. 


Names. 


Eates. 


Nos. 


Nos. 


Names. 


Eates. 


Ship's 
Nos. 




1st Part. 
2d Part. 


Seaman 

do 

0. Seaman 

Landsman 

Seaman 

0. Seaman 

do 

Landsman 


2 
4 
6 

8 

10 
12 

14 
16 


1 
3 
5 
1 

9 
11 

13 

15 


1st Part. 
2d Part. 


Coxswain 

Seaman 

Landsman 

do 

Seaman 

0. Seaman 

do 

Landsman 





FORE TOP. 



1st Part. 



Coxswain. , 

Seaman 

Landsm m . 
do. . 



2d Part. Seaman 

0. Seaman. 

do . 

Landsman . 



18 


17 


1st Part. 


20 


19 




22 


21 




24 


23 




26 


25 


2d Part. 


28 


27 




30 


29 




32 


31 





do. ... 
0. Seaman. 
Landsman . 



Seaman . . . 
0. Seaman 

do. 
Landsman . 



AFTER GUARD. 



1st Part. 



Seaman. . . 
0. Seaman. 

do. 
Landsman . 

do. 

do. 



34 


33 


1st Part. 


36 


35 




38 


37 




40 


39 




42 


"41 




44 


43 





Seaman. . . 
0. Seaman. 

do. 
Landsman . 

do. . 

do. 



72 



GUNNERY INSTRUCTIONS. 
after GUARD, continued. 



Port. 


Starboard. 


Ship's 
Nos. 


Names. 


Eates. 


Nos. 


Nos. 


Names. 


Rates. 


Ship's 
Nos. 




2d Part. 


0. Seaman 

do 

Landsman 

do 

do 


46 
48 
50 
52 
54 


45 
47 
49 
51 
53 


2d Part. 


0. Seaman 

do 

Landsman 

do 

do 





MESSENGER-BOYS. 



Boy. 



56 



Boy. 
do.. 



PETTY FFICERS 



B. Mate 

Qr. Gunner. . 
Qr. Master. . . 



58 


59 j 




60 


61 




62 


63 





B. Mate 

Gunner's mate. 
Qr. Master .... 



PETTY OFFICERS 

Idlers. 



Carpenter's mate 
Officers' steward 
do.'s cook... 
Ship's steward.. 
Master-at-arms . 
Ship's cook 



64 


65 




66 


67 




68 


69 




70 


71 




72 


73 




74 







Capt. hold . . . 
Officers' steward 

do. cook . 
Surgeon's stew'd 
Yeoman 



MARINES. 



Private . 
do. , 
do. . 



76 


75 




78 


77 




80 


79 





Corporal . 

Private . . 

do. .. 



FIREMEN. 



82 


81 




84 


83 




86 


85 




88 


87 




90 


89 




92 


91 





COAL-HE A VERS. 








94 


93 














96 


95 














98 


97 














100 99 









WATCH AiM) QUARTER BILLS. 



73 



QUARTER BILL OF THE U. S. S. IIUNTSVILLE. 

QUARTER-DECK. 





Lieutenant Commanding. 
Executive. 




Master. 






Captain's Clerk. 




FIRST DIVISION. 




Acting Master. 






Master's Mate. 






Quarter Gunner. 




THIRTY-POUNDER PARROTT. 


Port Watch. Starboare 


"Watch. 


'p. OB 


Names 


Kates. 


Stations. 


Gun 
Nos. 


Gun 
Nos. 


Stations. 


Names 


Eates. 








Seam'n 


1st Loader, 2d 
Boarder, . . 


3 


4 


1 st Sponger, 
2d Boarder, 




Seam'n 








0. Sea. 


2d Loader, 1st 


5 


6 


2d Sponger, 












do. 


Boarder, . . 
1st Compress- 
man A: Pike. 


1 


8 


1st Boarder, 
2d Compress- 
man & Pike. 




0. Sea. 
do. 








Land'n 


1st Leverman 
&Pikeman. 


9 


10 


2d Leverman 
& Pikeman. 




Land'n 








do. 


1st Shellman 


11 


12 


2d Shellman & 












B. mate 


& Fireman. 

1st Captain, 

2d Boarder, 


1 


2 


Pumpman. . 

2d Captain, 1st 

Boarder. . . . 




do. 

Seam'n 





Powder-Boy. 

T E X - I X C II PIVOT. 



Starboard Watch. 



I 



Port Watch. 



Seam'n 1st Loader, 
Boarder . 
>eam'n 2d Loader, 1st 
Boarder .... 
). Sea. 1st Front Le- 
verman, 2d B, 
do. Isr Compress- 
man & Pike, 
do. 1st Shellman & 
Pumpman 



3 


4 


5 


6 


1 


8 


13 


14 


15 


16 



1st Sponger, 
2d Boarder, 

2d Sponger, 
1 st Boarder, 

2d Front Le- 

verman, 1st B. 

2d Compress- 
man 6 like. 

2d Shellman & 
Pumpman 



Seam'n 
0. Sea 
Land'n 
0. Sea. 
do. 



n 



GUNNERY INSTRUCTIONS. 



tex -inch piyot, continued. 



Starboard Watch. Port Watch. 




Barnes 


J Eates. 


Stations. 


Gun 'Gun 
Nos. Nos. 


Stations. 


Names 


Eates. 














18 


Tackleman, 1st 
Boarder, . . . 




Land'n 








0. Sea. 


Tackleman, 2d 
Boarder, . . . 


19 


20 


Tackleman & 
Pike 




do. 








Land'n 


1st Rear Le- 
verman & Pike 


9 


10 


2d Rear Le- 

verman & Pike 




do. 








do. 


1st Train Le- 
verman & Eire 


11 


12 


2d Train Le- 
verman & Eire 




do. 








Cox'n, 


1st Captain, 
2d Boarder, 


1 


2 


2d Captain, 1st 
Boarder .... 




Seam'n 




17 Powder-Boy. 


SECOND DIVISION". 


Poet "Watch. Starboard Watch. 




Acting Master. 




Master's Mate. 


THIRTY-TWO POUNDER OF 5 1 CWT. 






Seam'n 


1st Loader, 2d 
Boarder .... 


3 


4 


1st Sponger, 
2d Boarder, 




Seara'n 








do. 


2d Loader, 1st 
Boarder. . . . 


5 


6 


2d Sponger, 
1st Boarder, 




0. Sea. 








0. Sea. 


1st Shotman& 
Pikeman. . . 


1 


8 


2d Shotman& 
Pump.. .... 




do. 








do. 


1st Train tack- 
le & Firer.. 


11 


12 


2d Train tack- 
le & Sail- 
trimmer . . . 




Land'n 








Land'n 


1st Handspike 
man & Pike. 


9 


10 


2d Handspike- 
man & Pike. 




do. 








Cox., 


1st Captain, 2d 
Boarder .... 


1 


2 


2d Captain, 1st 
Boarder .... 




Seam'n 





Powder-Boy. 
Have an Acting Quarter Gunner for this Division. 

master's division, (third.) 



stations. 


RATINGS. 


At the wheel*. 


1 Quarter-Master, 1 Seaman. 


On the Forecastle. 


1 Boatswain's Mate. 


At the Pumps. 


Carpenter's Mate. 


At the Foremast. 


2 Ordinary Seamen. 


At the Mainmast. 


1 Ordinary Seaman. 1 Landsman. 


At the Signals. 


1 Quarter- Master. 



WATCH AND QCAKTEE BILLS. 



75 



FOURTH DIVISION. 

Powder. > Master's Mate. 



RATINGS. 



In the Magazine. 

In the Shell room. 

Receive, whip, shell, and pass up shot. 

Light Magazine and Shell room. 

In the passage to receive and pass 

charges. 
In passage scuttle to receive charges 

thereat and pass them to screen. 
Outside of screen to receive charges 

and put them into passing-box. 
At the lower extremity of the can- 
vas shoot, to receive empty boxes. 

strike them over fire-tub, and 

deliver them to runner-boys. 
To pass up full boxes through the 

scuttle on deck. 
On deck at scuttle, to receive and 

deliver full boxes to powder-boys. 
To run with full boxes from screen to 

passing scuttles, and then back 

again. 



Gunner's Mate. 

Yeoman, 1 Landsman. 

Ship's Cook, Captain Hold ; 4 

Landsmen. 
Master-at-arms. 

• Officers' Cook. 



• Officers' Steward. 



[ Officers' Steward. 



• Officers' Cook. 



1 Landsman. 
1 Landsman. 



• 3 Landsmen or boys. 



PASSING POWDER. 




Fig. 23. 
/ . Light-Box. B. Magazine. 0. Magazine Passage. D. Screen. E. Passing Scuttle. 
F. Canvas Shoot for Empty Boxes. G-. Three Kunners. 

Remarks. 

Permit the chief engineer to station his crew in 
the most convenient way for firing up, going ahead 
and backing, and for repairing damages. If one 
watch of firemen and coal-heavers can perform said 
duties, employ the other watch or the spare hands, as 



76 WATCH AND QUARTER BILLS. 

small-arm men, to act as sharpshooters, and to assist 
in repelling boarders. The marines are stationed aft, 
on the quarter-deck, or in the most convenient place for 
picking off the enemy's men. One or two marines 
should be stationed to defend the colors. 

The landsmen of the powder division are generally 
selected from ward-room and steerage servants. 

At the call for boarders, or pikemen, the executive 
will order, Boarders on port or starboard how ! (or quar- 
ter^) always mentioning the part of the ship from whence 
he designs boarding. He also orders, Pikemen and 
marines, cover boarders ! or simply, Pikemen and ma- 
rines, stand by to repel boarders ! mentioning the part of 
the ship threatened by the enemy's boarders. The board- 
ers stand near the bulwarks, below the hammock-rail, 
protected from the enemy's sharpshooters, except when 
ordered on forecastle or poop. 

The pikemen, small-arm men, and marines, form in 
the rear of the boarders, the pikes resting on the ham- 
mock netting, the points just above it. The men who 
are not pikemen or boarders, will defend the ports, with 
battle-axes or pikes provided for that purpose. At 
the beat to quarters, the officer of the powder division 
will repair to the captain's cabin and obtain the maga- 
zine, shells and light-box keys, or he will receive them 
from the executive officer. The magazine must not be 
opened until ordered by the executive. 

The master-at-arms will light the light in the light- 
box. The executive repairs on deck to the most con ve- 
il' cut part of the ship, to superintend the exercise. 
Whei the divisions are provided for and ready for 
action, the officers commanding will report to the exocii- 



WATCH AND QUAKTEU BILLS. <7 

live, who in turn reports the ship ready for action, to 
the commanding officer. As there is but one quarter- 
gunner on board of vessels of the class of the Ilunts- 
ville, he will provide for both divisions, unless an act- 
ing quarter-gunner provides for second division. The 
petty officers of the master's division, excepting the 
quarter-master at the con and the seamen at the 
wheel, are boarders ; the other men are pikemen or 
small-arm men. On board of the Huntsville they should 
be made pikemen. 

The surgeon will select the most appropriate place for 
operating, dressing wounds and attending to the wounded. 

He will be assisted by his steward. It is optional 
with the paymaster whether he assists the surgeon or 
not. If not, he attends to 'his chest. The executive 
indicates to the magazine department the charges to be 
used. When the magazine is open, all fires and lights 
must be extinguished. 



FOR THE SAME CLASS OF VESSELS TJ. S. S. CURRITUCK. 
WATCH BILL. 







F ORECA STLE. 






Port. 


Starboard. 


Ship's 

Nos. 


Names. 


Eatings. 


Nos. 


Nos. 


Names. 


Eatings. 


Ship's 
Nos. 




1st Part. 
2d Part. 


Seaman 

do 

0. Seaman 

do 

Seaman 

0. Seaman 

do 

Landsman 


2 

4 
6 

8 

10 
12 
14 
16 


1 
3 
5 

7 

9 
11 
13 
15 


1st Part. 
2d Part. 


Seaman 

do 

0. Seaman 

Landsman 

Seaman 

0. Seaman 

Landsman 

do 





78 



GUNNERY INSTRUCTIONS. 



AFTER GUARD. 



Pout. 







Nos. 


Nos. 


18 


ir« 


20 


19 


22 


21 


24 


23 


26 


25 


28 


27 


30 


29 


32 


31 


34 


33 



bTAEBOARD. 



»g» Names. 



Ratings. 



1st Part, Seaman. . . 
0. Seaman, 
do. . 
Landsman. . 



2d Part. 



Seaman 
0. Seaman,,. 
Landsman . 
do. . 
Boy 



Nos. Names. Ratings. B ~P^ 



1st Part. Seaman. . . . 
0. Seaman, 
do. . 
Landsman . 



2d Part. 



Seaman. . . 
0. Seaman. 
Landsman . 

Boy 

Boy 



Nos. 



PETTY OFFICERS AND ACTING PETTY OFFICERS. 



Quarter-Master . 
Seaman, Acting 

Qr. Gunner. 
Seaman, Acting 

Captain Hold 



36 


35 




38 


37 




40 


39 





Quarter-Master. 
G-unner's Mate. . 

Seaman, Acting 
BoatVs Mate. 



PETTY AND ACTING PETTY OFFICERS 

Idlers. 







Ship's Cook,.... 42 

Landm's Acting 44 

Off's Steward,! 


41 
43 




Master-at-arms . 

Landm's Acting 

Officer's Cook, 




FIREMEN. 








46 
48 
50 


45 
47 
49 




• 




COAL-HEATERS. 








52 
54 


51 
53 









AVATCn AND QUARTER BILLS. 



79 



QUARTER BILL OF THE U. S. S. CURRITUCK. 

QUARTER-DECK. 





Master Commanding. 






Executive. 






Master. 






Clerk. 




FIRST DIVISION. 




Acting Master. 






Master's Mate. 






do. 






Quarter G-unner. 




TWENTY-POUNDER PARROTT. 




On ordinary carriage 




•~ o Barnes 
7. z 


Rating. 


Stations. 


ISTos. 


Nos. 


Stations. 


Xames 


Rating. 


CO . 






0. Sea. 


1st Loader, 2d 
Boarder .... 


3 


4 


1st Sponger, 
2d Boarder, 




0. Sea. 








0. Sea, 


2d Loader & 
Pike 


5 


6 


2d Sponger & 
Pikeman. . . 




Land'n 








Landn 


Shotman and 
Pumpman. . 


*l 


8 


Train-tackle'n 
Sail-Trimmer 




















& Fireman.. 




Landn 






B. mate 


1st Captain, 2d 
Boarder, . .. 


1 


2 


2d Captain, 
Handspik'n 




















1st Boarder 


Seam'n 



Powder-Boy. 

THIRTY-TWO POUNDER OF 5t CWT. 

Gun No. 1 and opposite. 



Seam'n 1st Loader, 2d 
Boarder . . . 

0. Sea. 2d Loader, 1st 
Boarder . . . 
do. 1st Shotman & 
Pikeman. . . 
do. 1st Train-tack- 
le man and 
Fireman.. . . 

Land'n! 1st H'dspike'n 
& Pikeman. 

Seam'n 1st Captain, 
2d Boarder. 



3 


4 


5 


6 


1 


8 


11 


12 


9 


10 


1 


2 



1st Sponger, 
2d Boarder. 

2d Sponger, 
1st Boarder 

2d Shotman & 
Pumpman 

2d Train-tack- 
le man and 
Sail-trimmer 

2d H'dspike'n 
& Pikeman. 

2d Captain, 
1st Boarder 



Seam'n 

0. Sea. 

do. 

Land'n 

do 
Seam'n 



Powder-Boy. 



80 GUNNERY INSTRUCTIONS. 

THIRTY-TWO POUNDER OF 57 OWT. 

Gun No. 2 and opposite. 





Names 


Pwiiting. 


Stations. !Nos. ' 


tfos. 


Stations. 


Names 


Rating. 


5* 






Seam'n 


1st Loader, & 
2d Boarder. 


3 


4 


1st Sponger, 
2d Boarder. 




Seam'n 








do. 


2d Loader, & 
1st Boarder 


5 


6 


2d Sponger, 
1st Boarder 




0. Sea. 








0. Sea. 


1st Shotman & 
Pikeman . . . 


1 


8 


2d Shotman & 
Pumpman. . 




do. 








do. 


1st Train tack- 
leman and 
Fireman. . . 


11 


12 


2d Train Tack- 
leman and 
Sail trimmer 




Land'n 








Land'n 


IstH'dspike'n 
& Pikeman 


9 


10 


2d H'dspike'n 
& Pikeman. 




do. 








Seam'n 


1st Captain. 
2d Boarder. 


1 


2 


2d Captain. 
1st Boarder 




Seam'n 




Powder-Boy. 


master's division. 




Master. 




Master's Mate. 


Con - 


Quarter-Master. 
Seaman. 


For 


eel 


ftnastlp 


Quarter-Master. 
Ordinary Seaman. 


Signal and Relieving Tackles 


POWDER DIY IS ION. 


master's mate. 


Magazine 


Gunner's Mate. 


Shell Roo 
To light IV 


m - - . 


Captain Hold. 
Master-at-arms. 


[aerazint 




Magazine Passage 

To receive Cartri 

pass them to s 




Officer's Steward. 


dge at Scuttle and 
creen 


f- Officers' Steward. 


To whip and pass up Shot and Shell. . 


1 Fireman, 1 Coal-Heaver. 


Outside Screen to fill Passing-Boxes. . 


1 Fireman. 


Runner-B 
Lower exi 


oy 


1 Landsman. 


remity of Canvas Shoot.. . . 


Ship's Cook. 


Pass up full hoxfi 


s to scuttle 


1 Landsman. 


To receive 
Powder 


3 and d( 
-Boys. . 


3liver full boxes to 


y 1 Landsman. 



















WATCH AND QUARTER 15 ILLS* 



81 



PIYOT. 

ELEVEN-INCH PIVOT. 

25 Men. 



STATIONS. 



1st Loader 

2d do 

1st Front Leverman. 
1st Compressmau . . . 

1 st Shelhnan 

Tackleman 

do 

do 

do 

1st Rear Leverman. . 

1st Tram do 

1st Captain 



2d Boarder 3 
1st do. 5 
2d do. 7 
Pikeman 13 
Pumpman 15 
2d Boarder 19 
2d do. 21 
Pikeman 23 

25 
9 

11 



Pikeman 
Fireman 
2d Boarder 1 



17. Powder- 



1st Sponger 

2d do 

2d Front Leverman. 
2d Congressman . . 

2d Shellman 

Tackleman 

do 

do 

do. 
2d Rear Leverman. 
2d Train do. 

2d Captain 

Man. 



2d Boarder. 
1st do. 
1st do. 
Pikeman. 
Pumpman. 
1st Boarder. 
1st do. 
Pikeman. 

Pikeman. 
Fireman. 
1st Boarder. 



TEN-INCH PIVOT. 
20 Men. 

STATIONS. 



1st Loader 

2d do 

1st Front Leverman 
1st Compressman. . 

1 st Shellman 

Tackleman 

1st Rear Leverman. 
1st Train do. 
1st Captain 



2d Boarder 3 
1st do. 5 
2d Boarder 7 
Pikeman 13 
Pumpman 1 5 
2d Boarder 19 

Pikeman 9 

Fireman 11 

2d Boarder 1 

17. Pow 



4. 1st Sponger 

6. 2d do 

8. 2d Front Leverman 
14. 2d Compressman . , 

16. 2d Shellman 

18. Tackleman 

20. do 

10. 2d Rear Leverman. 
12. 2d Train do. 

2. 2d Captain 

der-Man. 



2d Boarder. 
1st do. 
1st do. 
Pikeman. 
Pumpman. 
1st Boarder. 
Pikeman. 

do. 
Fireman. 
1st Boarder. 



NINE-INCH PIVOT. 

17 Men. 

STATIONS. 



1st Loader 

2d do 

1st Front Leverman. 
1st Compressman. . . 

1st Shellman 

1st Rear Leverman . . 

1st Train do. 

1st Captain 

4* 



2d Boarder 
1st do. 
2d do. 
Pikeman 
Pumpman 
Pikeman 
Fireman 
2d Boarder 



17. Powder-Man. 



4. 1st Sponger 2d Boarder. 

6. 2d do 1st do. 

8. 2d Front Leverman 1st do. 
14. 2d Compressman. . Pikeman. 

16. 2d Shellman Pumpman. 

10. 2d Rear Leverman. Pikeman. 
12. 2d Train do. Fireman. 

2. 2d Captain 1st Boarder. 



82 



GUNNERY INSTRUCTIONS. 



EIGHT-INCH PIYOT. 

11 Men. 

STATIONS. 



1st Loader 

2d do 

1st Front Leverman. 
1st Compressman. . . 

1st Sliellnian 

1st Rear Leverman. . 

1st Train do. 

1st Captain 



2d Boarder 3 



1st do. 

2d do. 

Pikeman 

Pumpman 

Pikeman 

Fireman 

2d Boarder 



17. Powder-Man. 



4. 1st Sponger 2d Boarder. 

6. 2d do 1st do. 

8. 2d Front Leverman 1st do. 
14. 2d Compressman. . Pikeman. 

16. 2d Shellman Pumpman. 

10. 2d Rear Leverman. Pikeman. 
12. 2d Train do. Fireman. 

2. 2d Captain 1st Boarder. 



THIRTY-POUNDER PARROTT. 

When allowed 14 Men and Boy. 
stations. 



1st Loader 2d Boarder 3 

2d do 1st do. 5 

1st Compressman and Pikeman. . 1 

1st Shellman and Pikeman 13 

1st Leverman and 2d Boarder . . 9 

1st Train Leverman and Fireman 11 
1st Captain and 2d Boarder. ... 1 



Powder-Boy. 



4. 1st Sponger and 2d Boarder. 

6. 2d do. and 1st do. 

8. 2d Compressman and Pikeman. 
14. 2d Shellman and Pumpman. 
10. 2d Leverman, Handspikeman, 

and Pikeman. 
12. 2d Train Leverman and Fireman. 

2. 2d Captain and 1st Boarder. 



thirty-pounder parrott. 
12 Men and Boy, 

STATIONS. 



1st Loader and 2d Boarder 3 

2d do and 1st do 5 

1st Compressman and Pikeman. . ? 

1st Leverman and Fireman 9 

1st Shellman and Pikeman 11 

1st Captain and 2d Boarder 1 



Powder-Boy, 



4. 1st Sponger and 2d Boarder. 

6. 2d do. and 1st do. 

"8. 2d Compressman and Pikeman. 
10, 2d Leverman and Sail Trim- 
mer. 
12. 2d Shellman and Pumpman. 

2. 2d Captain and 1st Boarder. 



WATCH AND QUARTER BILLS. 



83 



SIDE-GUN. 



SIXTY-FOUR POUNDER, 106 CWT. 



1st Loader 

2d do 

1st Shotman 

1st Side- tackle man.. 
1st Port do. 
1st Train do. 
1st Handspikeman . . 
1st Captain 

9-inch side-gun, 



16 Men and Boy. 

STATIONS. 

2d Boarder 3 4. 1st Sponger 2d Boarder. 

1st do. 5 6. 2d do 1st do. 

Pumpman 7 8. 2d Shotman Pumpman. 

Pikeman 13 14. 2d Side-tackle man, Pikeman. 

do. 15 16. 2d Port do. do. 

Fireman 11 12. 2d Train do. Sail-Trimmer. 

2d Boarder 9 10. 2d Handspikeman 1st Boarder. 

2d Boarder 1 2. 2d Captain 1st do. 

Powder-Boy. 
16 men and boy. Same stations as 64-pounder 



EIGHT-INCH SIDE-GUN, 63 CWT. 

14 Men and Boy. 



STATIONS. 



1st Loader 2d Boarder 3 

2d do 1st do. 5 

1st Shotman Pumpman 7 

1st Side-tackle man . . Pikeman 13 
1st Train do. . . Fireman 11 
1st Handspikeman . . 2d Boarder 9 

1st Captain 2d do. 1 

Powder-Boy. 
3 2 -pounder, 61 cwt. ; 14 men and a boy. 
gun, 63 cwt. 



4. 1st Sponger 2d Boarder. 

6. 2d do 1st do. 

8. 2d Shotman Pumpman. 

14. 2d Side-tackle man, Pikeman. 
12. 2d Train do. Sail-Trimmer. 
10. 2d Handspikeman. Pikeman. 

2. 2d Captain 1st Boarder. 



Same stations as 8-inch side- 



EIGHT-INCH SIDE-GUN, 55 CWT. 

12 Men and Boy. 

STATIONS. 



1st Loader 2d Boarder 3 

2d do '. . 1st do. 5 

1st Shotman Pikeman 7 

1st Train-tackle man . Fireman 11 

1st Handspikeman. . . Pikeman 9 
1st Captain 2d Boarder 1 



4. 1st Sponger 2d Boarder. 

6. 2d do 1st do. 

8. 2d Shotman Pumpman. 

12. 2d Train-tackle 

man Sail-Trimmer. 

10. 2d Handspikeman Pikeman. 

2. 2d Captain 1st Boarder. 



Powder-Boy. 
32-pounder, 57 cwt.; 12 men and boy, same stations as above. 



84 



GUNNERY INSTRUCTIONS. 



THIRTY-TWO POUNDER, 42 C W T . 

10 Men and Boy. 

STATIONS. 



1st Loader 2d Boarder 3 

2d do Pikeman 5 

1st Shotman Fireman 1 

Handspikeman Pikeman 9 

1st Captain 2d Boarder 1 



4. 1st Sponger 2d Boarder. 

6. 2d do 1st do. 

8. 2d Shotman Pumpman. 

10. Train-tackle man. Sail-Trimmer. 
2. 2d Captain 1st Boarder. 



Powder-Boy. 

Parrott's rifled gun, 30-pounder, weight, 3,520 lbs. ; ten men and a boy 
Stations same as above — 3 2 -pounder, 33 cwt. 

THIRTY-TWO POUNDER, 33 OWT. 

8 Men and Boy. 

STATIONS. 



1st Loader 2d Boarder 3 

2d do Pikeman 5 

Shotman Pumpman 1 

1st Captain 2d Boarder 1 



4. 1st Sponger 2d Boarder. 

6. 2d do Pikeman. 

8. Train-tackle man . Sail- Trimmer, 
and Fireman. 
2. 2d Captain, Hand- 
spikeman. ... 1st Boarder. 
Powder-Boy. 



THIRTY-TWO POUNDER, 2 1 CWT. 

6 Men and Boy. 

STATIONS. 



1st Loader 2d Boarder 3 

2d do. Shotman and Pumpman 5 

1st Captain 2d Boarder 1 



4. 1st Sponger Pikeman. 

6. 2d do Fireman. 

2. 2d Captain, Handspikeman, Train- 
tackle man, and 2d Boarder. 



Powder-Boy. 

Parrott's rifled 20-pounder, weight, 1,195 lbs.; six men and a boy. 
Stations same as 3 2 -pounder : 27 cwt. — above. 

Parrott's rifled 100-pounder, side-gun, weight, 9,688 lbs.; 16 men and 
boy. Stations same as 9-inch side-gun. 

Parrott's rifled 200-pounder P^ weight, 16,100 lbs.; 25 men. Stations, 
same as 11 -inch pivot. 



FIRE BILL. 85 



TWENTY-POUNDER PARROTT PIVOT. 

10 Men. 

STATIONS. 



1st Loader 2d Boarder 3 

2d Loader, Compressman, Pike- 
man 5 

1st Shellman and Fireman 7 



4. 1st Sponger 2d Boarder. 

6. 2d do. Compress- 
man 1st Boarder. 

8. 2d Shellman and Pumpman. 



1st Leverman and Fireman. ... 9 , 10. 2d Leverman and Sail-trimmer. 
1st Captain 2d Boarder 1 ) 2. 2d Captain and 1st Boarder. 



FIRE BILL. 

FOR SAME CLASS OP VESSELS AS U. S. S. HUNTSVILLE. 

The alarm for fire will be the rapid tolling of the ship's 
bell, when every one will repair to his station at quarters 
without arms. 

The drums will beat as soon as possible. 

The executive will immediately visit that part of the 
ship where the fire is, and report it to the captain. The 
officers commanding the gun divisions will cause the 
firemen to fill their buckets, to be used as occasion re- 
quires. 

If the ship is at anchor, the first part of the crew of 
forward pivot will prepare slip ropes and buoys for the 
cables, and then be in readiness for any other service 
that may be directed. At sea, the crew of No, 1 side- 
gun, excepting firemen and pump-men, will assist in 
clearing away, and hoisting out boats and providing 
them with provisions. Breakers of water should always 
be kept ready in the hold for that purpose. 

The master's division will lower the windsails, and 
then assist in leading along the hose, and connecting 



86 GUNNERY INSTRUCTIONS. 

it to the force-pump, a petty officer directing the pipe. 
The second part of the forward pivot gun's crew, assisted 
by the master's division will man the pumps. The 
master-at-arms, assisted by a part of the powder divis- 
ion will close the air-port; and the acting carpenter's 
mate, assisted by a part of the powder division will pro- 
ceed to cover such hatches as may be directed. The 
powder division will then assist in breaking out and 
striking up provisions, and prepare to strike up and 
throw the shells overboard. 

The quartermaster will provide compasses for the 
boat. The carpenter's mate will open the bilge-cock. 
The marines, with loaded muskets, will be placed as 
sentries over the boats, and not permit them to be lowered 
unless ordered by the executive. 

Place a sentry over the spirit-room. 

The master-at-arms will release the prisoners that may 
be confined in the cells or hold. 

The surgeon will see the sick removed to a safe place, 
and be prepared to destroy any inflammable matter in 
his department. 

Should the construction of a raft be ordered, the master 
will have spare spars launched overboard, and provide 
the necessary material. The crew of No. 2 side-gun, 
excepting firemen and pump-men, will accompany the 
executive, armed with axes and cutlasses, and act as a 
clearing party, and be prepared to open the hammocks 
that the blankets may be used for smothering the fire. 

The engineer will direct the spare firemen and coal- 
heavers to rig their hose and pipes. 

The gunner's mate will prepare to flood the magazine 
and shell-room. 



RANGES OF PARKOTT S RIFLED CANNON. 



87 



The balance of the crew will be distributed in the most 
advantageous manner. 

Every officer is expected to use his best efforts to pre- 
serve order and enforce silence. 

Three rolls of the drum, return to quarters. 



KANGES OF P ABBOTT'S EIFLE CANNON. 



EIGHT-INCH, TWO-HUNDRED POUNDEE, WEIGHT, 16,000 LBS, 



Elevation. 


Charge. 


Projectile. 


Eange. 


Time of Flight. 


5J° 

5° 


15 lbs. 

16 " 
16 " 


shell 155 lbs. 
" 155 " 
" 200 " 


[2,100 yds. 


j 6| 
( 6i 



ONE HUNDRED-POUNDER 



Elevation. 


Powder. 


Charge. 


Projectiles. 


Eange. 


Deviation. 


10° 


Dupont, No. 5. 


10 lbs. 


sheU 100 lbs. 


3680 yds. 


32.08 feet. 


10° 


11 11 


10 " 


" 100 " 


3450 " 


20.05 " 


10° 


a 11 


10 " 


" 100 " 


3532 " 


20.52 " 


10° 


it u 


10 " 


shot 84 " 


3855 " 


50.45 " 


10° 


II u 


10 " 


« 84 " 


3940 " 


51.56 " 


15° 


11 11 


10 " 


shell 100 " 


4949 " 


28.75 " 


15° 


U II 


10 " 


shot 84 " 


5480 M 


55.78 " 


20° 


(1 II 


10 " 


shell 100 " 


5776 " 


151.21 " 


20° 


11 u 


10 " 


" 100 " 


5809 " 


118.27 " 


20° 


Hazard, No. 5. 


10 " 


" 100 " 


5780 '• 


142.86 " 


20° 


" No. 2, caked 


10 " 


shot 84 " 


6305 " 201.76 " 


20° 


u u a 


10 " 


84 " 


6490 " 207.87 " 



88 



GUNNEEY INSTRUCTIONS. 
TWENTY-POUNDER. 



Elevation. 


Charge. 


Eange. 


Projectile. 


Bern arks. 


0° 


2 lbs. No. 7 powder. 


230 yds. 


cas'dshot, 19ilbs. 


) axis of gun 


1° 


2 " 


560 " 


" " 19* " 


I 6 ft. above 


2° 


9 (i a u 


950 " 


" « 194- " 


) water. 


3? 


2 u 


1500 u 


shell, 18f " 


time, 4.75 


H° 


2 " Dor emus' com- ) 

pressed powder. ) 


1500 " 


18f " 


" 4.50 


6° 


2 " No. 7 powder. 


2200 " 


18f " 


" 7.00 


10° 


2 u 


3300 " 


18f " 


" 11.87 


10° 


2 " Doremus' com- ) 
pressed powder, j 


3400 " 


M 18 J -1 


" 11.80 










15° 


o i( u u u 


4500 " 


18£ " 


" 17.20 



THIRTY-POUNDEB SIEGE-GUN. 



Elevation. 


Charge. 


Range. 


Projectile. 


Eemarks. 


3*° 


3i lbs., No. 7 powder. 


1500 yds. 


shell, 29 lbs. 


time of flight, 4 . 5 


5i° 


u u 


2200 ll 


" 29 " 


6.82 


10° 


(I « 


3640 " 


" 29 " 


1 average time 
y 12.19 


10° 


u (( 


3649 " 


" 29 " 


10° 


tl u 


3649 " 


11 29 " 


10° 


u « 


3649 " 


ci 29 " 


10* 


U £< 


3664 " 


u 29 " 




15° 


u u 


4874 " 


" 29 " 1 


ime of flight, 17.68 



/ 







D. Van Nostranfrs Publications. 

A Treatife on Ordnance and Naval 
Gunnery. 

Compiled and arranged as a Text-Book for the U. S. Naval Acad- 
emy, by Lieutenant Edward Simpson, U. S. N. Second edi- 
tion, revised and enlarged. 1 vol. 8vo, plates and cuts, half 
morocco. $4. 

u As the compiler has charge of the instruction in Naval Gunnery at the 
Naval Academy, his work, in the compilation of which he has consulted a large 
number of eminent authorities, is probably well suited for the purpose designed 
by it— namely, the circulation of information which many officers, owing to 
constant service afloat, may not have been able to collect. In simple and plain 
language it gives instruction as to cannon, gun carriages, gun powder, projectiles, 
fuzes, locks, and primers; 'the theory of pointing guns, rifles, the practice of 
gunnery, and a great variety of other sim lar matters, interesting to fighting 
men on sea and land. 11 — Washington Daily Globe. 

" A vast amount of information is conveyed in a readable and familiar form. 
The illustrations are excellent, and many of them unique, being colored or 
bronz d so as to represent various military arms, &c, with more than photo- 
graphic literalness. M — Washington Star. 

"It is scarcely necessary for us to say that a work prepared by a writer so 
practically conversant with all the subjects of w-hich he treats, and who has such 
a reputation for scientific ability, cannot fail to take at once a high place among 
the text-books of our naval service. It has been approved by the Secretary of 
the Navy, and will henceforth be one of the standard authorities on all matters 
connected with Naval Gunnery.''' — New York Herald. 

"The book itself is admirably arranged, characterized by great simplicity 
and clearness, and certainly at this time will be a most valuable one to officers 
of the Navy. 11 — Boston Commercial Bulletin. 

"Originally designed as a text-book, it is now enlarged, and so far modified 
in its plan as to make it an invaluable hand-book for the naval officer. It is 
comprehensive— preserving the cream of many of the best books on ordnance 
and naval gunnery, and is printed and illustrated in the most admirable man- 
ner."— New York World. 



Elementary Inftruction in Naval 
Ordnance and Gunnery. 

By James H. Ward," Commander U. S. Navy, Author of " Naval 
Tactics," and "Steam for the Million." New edition, revised 
and enlarged. 8vo. Cloth, $2. 

w It conveys an amount of information in the same space to be found no- 
where else, and given with a clearness which renders it useful as well to the 
general as the professional inquirer. 11 — N. Y. Evening Post. 

" This volume is a standard treatise upon the subject to which it is devoted. 
Jt abounds in valuable information upon all the points bearing upon Naval 
Gunnery."—^ Y. Commercial Advertiser. 

"The work is an exceedingly valuable one, and is opportunely issued." — 
Boston Journal. 



D. Van Nostranfrs Publications. 

Siege of Bomarfund (1854). 

Journals of Operations of the Artillery and Engineers. Published 

by permission of the Minister of War. Illustrated by maps and 

plans. Translated from the Trench by an Army Officer. 

1 vol. 12mo, cloth. 75 cents. 

"To military men this little volume is of special interest. It contains a 

translation by an officer of the United States Army, of the journal of operations 

by the artillery and engineers at the siege of Boniarsund in 1854, published by 

permission of the French Minister of War in the Journal des Armees speciales 

et de VEtat Major. The account of the same successful attack, given by Sir 

Howard Douglas in the new edition of his work on Gunnery, is appended ; and 

the narrative is illustrated by elaborate maps and plans." — New York Paper. 

Lefsons and Practical Notes on 
Steam, 

The Steam-Engine, Propellers, &c, &c, for Young Marine Engi- 
neers, Students, and others. By the late W. R. King, U. S, N. 
Revised by Chief-Engineer J. W. King, U. S. Navy. Second 
edition, enlarged. 8vo, cloth. $1.50 

"This is the second edition of a valuable work of the late W. R. King, 
TL S. N. It contains lessons and practical notes on Steam and the Steam- 
Engine, Propellers, &c. It is calculated to be of great use to young marine en- 
gineers, students, and others. The text is illustrated and explained by numerous 
diagrams and representations of machinery. This new edition has been revised 
and enlarged by Chief Engineer J. "W. King, U. S. N., brother to the deceased 
author of the work." — Boston Daily Advertiser. 

" This is one of the best, because eminently plain and practical, treatises on 
the Steam-Engine ever published." — Philadelphia Press. 

" Its re-publication at this time, when so many young men are entering the 
service as naval engineers, is most opportune. Each of them ought to have a 
copy." — Philadelphia Evening Bulletin. 



Manual of Internal Rules and Reg- 
ulations for Men-of-War. 

By Commodore U. P. Levy, U. S. N., late Flag-officer command- 
ing U. S. Naval Force in the Mediterranean, &c. Flexible 
blue cloth. Second edition, revised and enlarged. 30 cents. 

" Among the professional publications for which we are indebted to the war, 
we willingly give a prominent place to this useful little Manual of Rules and 
Regulations to be observed on board of ships of war. Its authorship is a suffi- 
cient guarantee for its accuracy and practical value ; and as a guide to young 
officers in providing for the discipline, police, and sanitary government of the 
vessels under their command, we know of nothing superior." 1 — N, Y Heratd. 

" Should be in the hands of every Naval officer, of whatever grade, and will 
not come amiss to any intelligent mariner. " — Boston Traveller. 

" A work which will prove of great utility, in both the Naval service and 
the mercantile marine.'" — Baltimore American. 



D. Van NostrancVs Publications. 

Notes on Sea-Coaft Defence : 

Consisting of Sea-Coast Fortification ; the Fifteen-Inch Gun ; and 
Casemate Embrasures. By Gen. J. G. Barnard, Corps of 
Engineers, U. S. Army. 1 vol. 8vo, cloth, plates. $1 50. 

"This small volume by one of the most accomplished officers in the United 
States service is especially valuable at this time. Concisely and thorousrhly 
Major Barnard discusses the subjects included in this volume* and gives infor- 
mation that will be read with great profit by military men, and by all interested 
in the art of war as a defensive fovce, 1 '— New York Commercial. 

" It is no light compliment when we say that Major Barnard's book does no 
discredit to the corps to which he belongs. He writes concisely, and with a 
thorough knowledge of his subject. 1 ' — Eusseirs Army and Navy" Gazette. 



Gunnery Instructions, 

Simplified for the Volunteer Officers of the United States Navy, with 
Hints to Executive and other Officers. By Lieut. Edward Bar 
rett, U. S. N., Instructor of Gunnery, Navy Tard, Brooklyn 
1 vol., 12mo., half roan. $1.25. 



Steam for the Million. 

A Popular Treatise on Steam and its Application to the Useful 

Arts, especially to Navigation. By J. H. Ward, Commander 

U. S. Navy. New and revised edition. 1 vol. 8vo, cloth. $L 

"A most excellent work for the young engineer and general reader. Many 
facts relating to the management of'the boiler and engine are set forth with a 
simplicity of language, and perfection of detail, that brings the subject home to 
the reader. Mr. Ward is also peculiarly happy in his illustrations."— American 
Engineer. 

Screw Propulfion. 

Notes on Screw Propulsion, its Rise and History. By Capt. "W. H. 
Walker, U. S. Navy. 1 voL 8vo., cloth. 75 cents. 

" Some interesting notes on screw propulsion, its rise and progress, have just 
been issued by Commander W. H. Waleer, U. S. X.. from which all that is 
likely to be desired on the subject maybe readily acquired. * * * * After 
thoroughly demonstrating the efficiency of the screw. Mr. TValker proceeds to 
point out "the various other points to be attended to in order to secure an effi- 
cient man-of-war, and eulogizes throughout the readiness of the British Admi- 
ralty to test every novelty calculated to give satisfactory results. * * * * 
Commander Walker's book contains an immense amount of concise practical 
data, and everv item of information recorded fully proves that the various 
points bearing upon it have been well considered previously to expressing an 
opinion." — London Mining Journal. 

"Every engineer should have it in his library.'" — American Engineer. 



D. Van N'ostrand's Publications. 

Benton's Ordnance and Gunnery. 

A Coarse of Instruction in Ordnance and Gunnery ; compiled for the 
use of the Cadets of the United States Military Academy, by 
Capt. J. G-. Benton, Ordnance Department, late Instructor of 
Ordnance and Gunnery, Military Academy, West Point. Princi- 
pal Assistant to Chief of Ordnance, U. S. A. Second Edition, 
revised and enlarged. 1 vol., 8vo., half morocco, cuts. $4.00. 

"We cannot commend this work too highly, both for the substance it contains, 
and the highly finished manner in which it has been issued by the publisher. 
There is no one book within the range of our military reading and study, that 
contains more to recommend it upon the subject of which it treats. It is as full 
and complete as the narrow compass of a single volume would admit, and the 
reputation of the author as a scientific and practical artillerist is a sufficient guar- 
antee for the correctness of his statements and deductions, and the thoroughness 
of his labors." — X. Y. Observer. 

"The present edition is the second one and is revised and enlarged, being ren- 
dered altogether invaluable, not only to the student, but as a standard book of 
reference on the subject of which it treats. Apart from its great merits as a trea- 
tise, it is as respects binding and printing, a truly splendid work." — Louisville 
Journal. 

"A Great Military Work. — "We have before us a bound volume of nearly six 
hundred pages, which is a complete and exhaustive ' Course of Instruction in 
Ordnance and Gunnery, 1 as its title states, and goes into every department of the 
science, including gunpowder, projectiles, cannon, carriages, machines, and imple- 
ments, small arms, pyrotechny, science of gunnery, loading, pointing, and dis- 
charging fire-arms, different kinds of fires, effects of projectiles and employment 
of artillery. These severally form chapter heads and give thorough information 
on the subjects on which they treat. The most valuable and interesting infor- 
mation on all the above topics, including the history, manufacture and use of 
small arms, is here concentrated in compact and convenient form, making a work 
of rare merit and standard excellence. The work is abundantly and clearly illus- 
trated." — Boston Traveller. 



Manual for Engineer Troops, 

Consisting of 

Part I. Ponton Drill. 

II. Practical Operations of a Siege. 

III. School of the Sap. 

IV. Military Mining. 

Y. Construction of Batteries. 

By Captain J. C. Duane, Corps of Engineers, U. S. Army. 1 vol., 

12mo., half morocco, with plates. $2. 

" I have carefully examined Capt. J. C. Duane's ' Manual for Engineer Troops, 1 
and do not hesitate to pronounce it the very best work on the subject of which 
it treats." H. W. Halleck, Major- General, U. S. A. 

"A work of this kind has been much needed in our military literature. For 
the army's sake, I hope the book will have a wide circulation among its officers." 

G. B. McClellan, Major-General, U. S. A. 



D. Van ffiostrand's Publications. 

Naval Light Artillery. 

Instruction for Naval Light Artillery, afloat and ashore, prepared 
and arranged for the U. S. Naval Academy, by Lieut. W. H. 
Parker, U. S. N. Second edition, revised by Lieut. S. B. Luce, 
U. S. N., Assistant Instructor of Gunnery and Tactics at the 
United States Naval Academy. 1 vol., 8vo., cloth, with 22 plates, 
$1.50. f 

"The service for which this is the text-book of instruction is of special import- 
ance in the present war. The use of light boat-pieces is constant and important, 
and young officers are frequently obliged to leave their boats, take their pieces 
ashore, and manoeuvre them as field artillery. Not unfrequently, also, they are 
incorporated, when ashore, with troops, and must handle their guns like the 
artillery soldiers of a battery. ' The Exercise of the Howitzer Afloat 1 was pre- 
pared and arranged by Captain Dahlgren. whose name gives additional sanction 
and value to the book. A Manual for the Sword and Pistol is also given. The 
plates are numerous and exceedingly clear, and the whole typography excellent. 11 
Philadelphia Inquirer. 



Totten's Naval Text Book. 

Naval Text Book and Dictionary, compiled for the use of the Mid- 
shipmen of the U. S. Navy. By Commander B. J. Totten, U. S. 
N. Second and revised edition. 1 vol., 12 mo. $2.50. 



History of the United States Naval 
Academy, 

"With Biographical Sketches, and the names of all the Superintend- 
ents, Professors and Graduates, to which is added a Record of 
some of the earliest Yotes by Congress, of Thanks, Medals, and 
Swords to Naval Officers. By Edward Chauncey Marshall, 
A. M. 1 vol., 12mo., cloth, plates. $1. 

"The book before us affords a good account of the naval school from its first es- 
tablishment under the auspices of Secretary Bancroft, with full statements of the 
regulations, requisites for admission, couVse of study, etc. It is a seasonable and 
useful contribution to the history of education in this country. 11 — N. Y. Inde- 
pendent. 

'•This is a most welcome volume. All that throws light on the history of our 
army and navy now needs study, and the Naval Academy, though really so recent, 
well deserves a history. Mr. Marshall has depicted, in clear and graphic language, 
the vain struggle for years to give our navy, what the navy of ev^vy nation has, 
an academy to form the young officers fur their important duties. 11 — JV. Y. His- 
torical Magazine. 

"Every naval man will find it not only a pleasant companion, but an invaluable 
book of reference. It is seldom that so much information is made accessible in 
so agreeable a manner in so small a space." — New York, Times. 



D. Van Nostrand' '$ Publications. 

Maxims and Instructions on the 
Art of War. 

Maxims, Advice, and Instructions on the Art of "War ; or, A Practi- 
cal Military Guide for the use of Soldiers of all Arms and of all 
Countries. Translated from the French, by Captain Lexdy, 
Director of the Practical Military College, late of the French 
Staff, etc., etc. 1 vol., 18mo., cloth. 75 cents. 

" A book of maxims, that is not as dry as a cask of 'remainder biscuit, 1 is a 
novelty in literature. The little volume before us is an exception to the general 
rule. It presents the suggestion of common sense in military affairs, with a cer- 
tain brilliancy and point. " One may read it purely for entertainment, and not be 
disappointed. At the same time, it is full of practical instructions of great value. 
When found in the pocket of an officer of volunteers, it will be the right book in 
the right place. 11 — N. Y. Tribune. 

" We do not pretend to much military science, but we have found this small 
volume easy to understand and interesting to read. It is compiled from old 
works, but is adapted to new notions and improvements, and it gives in a nut- 
shell a general idea of the whole business of war. Some men who have always 
maintained ' Quaker 1 principles, and who have never studied the trade and 
mystery of fighting, find it difficult to comprehend the various strategic move- 
ments that are chronicled from day to day in the newspapers. These men should 
look into the subject of war, and we advise them, as a beginning, to read this 
book. It will probably help their cloudy perceptions, and enable them to see 
clearly the meaning of military operations, which now they cannot understand." 
—Providence Journal. 



Nolan's System for Training Cavalry 
Horses. 

By Kenxer Garrard, Captain Fifth Cavalry, IT. S. A. 1 vol., 12mo., 
cloth. 24 Lithographed plates. $1.50. 

* * * " vTe are glad when competent men bring forward works that are intended 
to facilitate the formation, of an effective cavalry force. Of this class is Nolarts 
System for Training Cavalry Horses, prepared for use in this country, by Captain 
Kenner Garrard, U. S. A. Captain Xolan was distinguished in the British service 
for his knowledge of the cavalry arm. and for his general talents. As the work 
had become out of print, Captain Garrard has done well in reproducing it : he 
has added to it a chapter on Rarey's Method of Training Horses, and another on 
Horse Shoeing. The volume is well illustrated. It cannot be too warmly com- 
mended to general use. 11 — Boston Daily Evening Traveller. 

" It explains a perfectly successful method of gaining the mastery over the 
most refractory horse, and is no less adapted for the use of the rider for exercise, 
business, or pleasure than of the cavalry officer. By the plan of the author, the 
time of training is greatly shortened ; 'the progress is so gradual that it never 
makes the horse unamiable, and the successive lessons tend to the development 
of mutual love and admiration between the parties. 11 — IT. T. Tribune. 



D. Van Nostran&s Publications. 

Evolutions of Field Batteries of 
Artillery. 

Translated from the French, and arranged for the Army and Militia 
of the United States. By Gen. Robert Anderson, U. S. Army. 
Published by order of the War Department. 1 vol. cloth, 32 

plates. $1. 

War Department, Nov. 2d, 1S59. 
The System of " Evolutions of Field Batteries," translated from the French, 
and arranged for the service of the United States, by Major Eobert Anderson, 
of the 1st Kegiment of Artillery, having been approved by the President, is 
published for the information and government of the army. 

All Evolutions of Field Batteries not embraced in this system are prohibited, 
and those herein prescribed will be strictly observed. 

J. B. FLOYD, Secretary of War. 
"This system having been adopted by the War Department, is to the artil- 
lerist what Hardee's Tactics is to the infantry soldier; the want of a work like 
this has been seriously felt, and will be eagerly welcomed." — Louisville Journal. 



Hiflory of the United States Naval 
Academy, 

With Biographical Sketches, and the names of all the Superintendents, 
Professors and Graduates, to which is added a Record of some 
of the earliest Votes by Congress, of Thanks, Medals and Swords 
to Naval Officers. By Edward Chauncey Marshall, A. M., 
formerly Instructor in Captain Kinsley's Military School at West 
Point, Assistant Professor in the ET. Y. University, etc. 



Light Infantry Company and Skir- 
mish Drill. 

The Company Drill of the Infantry of the Line, together with the Skir- 
mish Drill of the Company and Battalion, after the Method of 
General Le Louterel. Bayonet Fencing ; with a Supplement 
on the Handling and Service of Light Infantry. By J. Munroe, 
Col. 2 2d Regiment, K GL, N. Y. S. M., formerly Capt. U. S 
Infantry. 1 vol., 3 2 mo. In Press. 



D. Van Nostran&s Publications. 

The Political and Military Hiftory 
of the Campaign of Waterloo. 

Translated from the French of General Baron de Jomini. By 
Capt. S. V. Benet, U. S. Ordnance. 1 vol. 12mo, cloth, second 
edition. 75 cents. 

"Baron Jomini has the reputation of being one of the greatest military his- 
torians and critics of the century. His merits have been recognized by the 
highest military authorities iu Europe, and were rewarded in a conspicuous 
manner by the greatest military power in Christendom. He learned the art of 
war in the school of experience, the best and only finishing school of the soldier. 
He served with distinction in nearly all the campaigns of .Napoleon, and it was 
mainly from the gigantic military operations of this matchless master of the 
art that he was enabled to discover its true principles, and to ascertain the best 
means of their application in the infinity of combinations which actual war pre- 
sents Jomini criticizes the details of Waterloo with great science, and yet in a 
manner that interests the general reader as well as the professional." — 2s tw 
York World. 

"This book by Jomini, though, forming the twenty-second chapter of his 
iLife of Napoleon,' is really a unit in itself, and forms a complete summary of 
the campaign. It is an interesting volume, and deserves a place in the affec- 
tions of all who would be accomplished military men.'''' — New York Times. 

"The present volume is the concluding portion of hi> great work, 'Vie Poli- 
tique et Militaire de Napoleon.' published in 1826. Capt. Benet's translation of 
it has been for some time before the public, and has now reached a second edi- 
tion ; it is very ably executed, and forms a work which will always be interest- 
ing, and especially so at a time when military affairs are uppermost in the public 
mind."' — Philadelphia North American. 



The "C. S. A." and the Battle of 
Bull Run. 

(A Letter to an English friend), by J. G-. .Barnard, Major of Engineers, 

U. S. A., Brigadier-General and Chief Engineer, Army of the 

Potomac. With five maps. 1 vol., 8vo., cloth. $1.50. 

" This book was begun by the author as a letter to a friend in England, but as 
he x>roceeded and his MSS. increased in magnitude, he changed his original plan, 
and the book is the result. General Barnard gives by far the best, most compre- 
hensible and complete account of the Battle of Bull Run we have seen. It is illus- 
trated by some beautifully drawn maps, prepared for the "War Department by the 
topographical engineers. He demonstrates to a certainty that but for the cause- 
less panic the day might not have been lost. The author writes with vigor and 
earnestness, and has contributed one of the most valuable records yet published 
of the historv of the war. 11 — Boston Commercial Bulletin. 

" A spirited and reliable view of the true character of the secession movement, 
and a correct account of the Battle of Bull Run, by a military man whose qualifi- 
cations for the task are equalled but by few persons. 11 — Cincinnati Gazette. 

"The work is clearly written, and can but leave the impression upon every 
reader's mind that it is truth. We commend it to the perusal of every one who 
wants an intelligent, truthful and graphic description of the c C. S. A., 1 and the 
Battle of Bull Kun. 11 — Xtw York Observer. 



